Modeling Volatile Organic Contaminants' Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Melcer, Henryk; Bell, J.P.; Thompson, Doug; Yendt, C. M.; Kemp, J.; Steel, Paula

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1994)120:3(588)

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The average recoveries of two duplicate tests are summarized in Table 1. In all cases the GC-MS results for D 5 and the LSC results for 14 C-labeled D 5 were in good agreement. Relatively high recoveries (Ͼ70%) were observed for most of the matrices, except the final effluent and return activated sludge.…”

Section: Liquid and Gas Stream Extraction And Recovery Efficiency Testssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The heptane rinses from the air-extracted filters were combined and submitted for LSC and gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS) analyses. As a check on the heptane rinse recovery efficiency from the filter, a final test was performed in which the 14 Clabeled D 5 was applied to the filter as above, but then the filter was immediately rinsed with the two 5.0-ml portions of heptane, and the combined rinses submitted for LSC analysis. The front and back portions of the charcoal sorbent tubes were combined and extracted with 10 ml of methylisobutyl ketone for analysis by both GC-MS and by LSC on the extract.…”

Section: Gas Stream Sorption Tube Extraction Recovery Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot plant study to assess the fate of two volatile methyl siloxane compounds during municipal wastewater treatment

Parker

Ji-chun

Fendinger

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The environmental fate of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D 5 ) during municipal wastewater treatment has been investigated in an activated sludge pilot plant by continuously dosing the influent with exagerated amounts of the compounds and measuring their emissions in the off-gas, effluent, and sludge streams. The total removal was found to be 86.4 Ϯ 3.9% for D 4 and 95.8 Ϯ 1.5% for D 5 (Ϯ1 SD statistical uncertainty). However, low overall mass balances were found for both compounds in the pilot system. In order to elucidate the detailed removal mechanisms for these two compounds, the model TOXCHEM was used to simulate their removal and analyze their mass balances in the pilot system. Experimental and model results indicated that the low mass balances were caused by the significant underestimation of the primary sludge removal by the grab sampling method used for sludge analyses. This underestimation may be due to the high variability of the primary influent suspended solids concentration and hence inhomogeneity in the primary sludge underflow. When this underestimation was taken into account, primary sludge removal and volatilization in the aeration basin were found to contribute approximately equally to the removal of D 4 and D 5 in the pilot plant system. The present results are useful for the environmental risk assessment of these two siloxane compounds in the unlikely event of their point source discharge into municipal wastewater systems.

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Section: Liquid and Gas Stream Extraction And Recovery Efficiency Testssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Gas Stream Sorption Tube Extraction Recovery Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot plant study to assess the fate of two volatile methyl siloxane compounds during municipal wastewater treatment

Parker

Ji-chun

Fendinger

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…[12][13][14][15] Among these models, only Water8 and TOXCHEM (and its upgraded version TOXCHEM+) are currently being considered by EPA. 16 However, predictions by the two models have been found to be quite different from each other, partially due to large differences of parameter values used in the models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Longitudinal Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Aeration Units of Publicly Owned Treatment Works

Zhu

Keener

Bishop

et al. 1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The temporal and longitudinal characteristics of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the aeration units of a publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) have been investigated by systematic monitoring and mathematical modeling. Field tests have been conducted at a 120-mgd wastewater treatment plant to investigate the hourly, weekly, and seasonal changes of VOC emissions. Variations of VOC emissions along the length of the aeration units have been tested and modeled. Most VOCs have decreasing concentration profiles. Henry's law coefficients and biodegradation constants for the detected compounds have been validated with the improved models and the field test data. More than one-half of the emissions were found to have been generated from the first one-third of the aeration unit length.

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“…Methods for estimating VOC emissions from wastewater treatment processes include simple mass balance techniques, calculations based on empirically derived emission factors, 1 and the application of predictive compound fate models. [2][3][4][5][6] These methods are relatively simple and cost-effective means of generating estimates of VOC emissions from wastewater treatment processes. The accuracy of these estimates, however, is tied closely to the accuracy of the input data, including the plant influent VOC concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Automatic Composite Sampler for Volatile Organic Compounds in Raw Wastewater

Balogh

Onayiga

Edblad

1998

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The measurement of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rates from wastewater treatment processes is difficult and costly, so estimation techniques are frequently employed. To use these techniques, VOC concentrations in the raw wastewater entering the plant typically must be known. However, representative data on time-varying influent VOC concentrations are typically not available, and the collection of sufficient data to make a reliable loading estimate can be quite expensive. A composite VOC sampler can reduce the cost of obtaining these data; however, such samplers are not in widespread use and questions remain regarding their suitability for use on raw wastewater streams. In this study, an automatic composite VOC sampler was used to measure VOC concentrations in raw wastewater, and the results were compared to VOC concentrations in grab samples obtained over the same period. The results suggest that the composite VOC sampler can provide a reasonably accurate estimate of VOC concentrations in raw wastewater streams. The composite sampler required modification to prevent plugging by solids in the high-solids wastewater stream.

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Modeling Volatile Organic Contaminants' Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

Pilot plant study to assess the fate of two volatile methyl siloxane compounds during municipal wastewater treatment

Pilot plant study to assess the fate of two volatile methyl siloxane compounds during municipal wastewater treatment

Temporal and Longitudinal Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Aeration Units of Publicly Owned Treatment Works

Evaluation of an Automatic Composite Sampler for Volatile Organic Compounds in Raw Wastewater

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