Modeling wave runup with depth-integrated equations

Lynett, Patrick; Wu, Tso-Ren; Liu, Philip L.‐F.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3839(02)00043-1

Cited by 362 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The NDS simulation also needs to employ an implicit scheme to stably calculate the dispersion while the NLL employs an explicit scheme. If you consider a practical application for tsunami early warning, developing a more efficient method to solve the NDS equations on supercomputers is necessary [e.g., Lynett et al, 2002;Saito and Furumura, 2009;Kirby et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2012;Oishi et al, 2013]. For this purpose, it is a good compromise to use the DSP equations for source estimation and propagation across the ocean, and to use the NLL equations for tsunami and inundation predictions near the coast.…”

Section: Discussion On Tsunami Waveform Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is desirable to estimate the tsunami source that provides all the details of the tsunami waveforms and runup. To reproduce all the data sets perfectly, it is also important to use more fine scale topography data (e.g., Baba et al, 2014], to adjust optimal friction parameter and to examine the difference among friction models [e.g., Lynett et al, 2002;Shi et al, 2012].…”

Section: Discussion On Tsunami Waveform Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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This study reveals the roles of the wave dispersion and nonlinear effects for the 2011 TohokuOki earthquake tsunami. We conducted tsunami simulations based on the nonlinear dispersive equations with a high-resolution source model. The simulations successfully reproduced the waveforms recorded in the offshore, deep sea, and focal areas. The calculated inundation area coincided well with the actual inundation for the Sendai Plain, which was the widest inundation area during this event. By conducting sets of simulations with different tsunami equations, we obtained the followings insights into the wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, and energy dissipation for this event. Although the wave dispersion was neglected in most studies, the maximum amplitude was significantly overestimated in the deep sea if the dispersion was not included. The waveform observed at the station with the largest tsunami height ($2 m) among the deep-ocean stations also verified the necessity of the dispersion. It is well known that the nonlinear effects play an important role for the propagation of a tsunami into bays and harbors. Additionally, nonlinear effects need to be considered to accurately model later waves, even for offshore stations. In particular, including nonlinear terms rather than the inundation was more important when precisely modeling the waves reflected from the coast.

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Section: Discussion On Tsunami Waveform Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion On Tsunami Waveform Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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“…The Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) model has been verified with various bench marking tests and laboratory experiments (Synolaiks et al, 2008). Coulwave (Lynett et al, 2002) solves a set of Boussinesq equations and includes bottom friction effects with a high-order finite-volume method. Coulwave has been validated with fundamental benchmark problems for runup using field data and experimental data (Lynett et al, 2002;Lynett and Liu, 2005;Park et al, 2013).…”

Section: Numerical Model Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coulwave (Lynett et al, 2002) solves a set of Boussinesq equations and includes bottom friction effects with a high-order finite-volume method. Coulwave has been validated with fundamental benchmark problems for runup using field data and experimental data (Lynett et al, 2002;Lynett and Liu, 2005;Park et al, 2013). ADCIRC (Luettich and Westerink, 2004) solves the non-linear shallow equation using a finite element method and is widely utilized for hurricane wave inundation problems when coupled with SWAN.…”

Section: Numerical Model Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami Inundation Modeling: Sensitivity of Velocity and Momentum Flux to Bottom Friction With Application to Building Damage at Seaside, Oregon

Park

Wiebe

Cox

et al. 2014

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

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We examine the sensitivity of three different tsunami inundation numerical models using various friction terms. We use the model output to examine the probabilistic damage levels using fragility curves applied over a community scale and resolved at the scale of individual tax lots for Seaside, OR. With this work, we estimate the inundation hazard using the "500 year" tsunami originating from a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake and then compare the maximum surface elevation, velocity, and momentum flux results across the three models. We find a larger variation in the velocities and momentum fluxes when varying model types and friction coefficients; surface elevation variations are not as large. We also find that absolute velocity and momentum flux are more sensitive to friction factors rather than model type, while surface elevation varies with model type. For the fragility curve analysis, we consider flow depth, velocity, and momentum flux as the intensity measure to estimate the probability of a certain damage level based on the known structure type and characteristic tsunami intensity. We examine the sensitivity of damage levels to various fragility curves, using different intensity measures, and we find that velocity and momentum flux curves provide a more realistic estimate of damage.

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“…Due to the impulsive nature of the rock-slide water impact, the wave evolution becomes dispersive. Traditional tsunami models based on the shallow water formulation (e.g., Titov and Synolakis, 1995;Imamura, 1996;Titov and Synolakis, 1997;LeVeque and George, 2008) do not include dispersion, and dispersive wave models such as those based on the Boussinesq formulation (Madsen and Sørensen, 1992;Nwogu, 1993;Wei et al, 1995;Lynett et al, 2002;Madsen et al, 2003) constitute better alternatives. New Boussinesq models have been formulated using the shock-capturing approximate Riemann solvers in combination with TVD (total variation diminishing limiters, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating tsunami propagation in fjords with long-wave models

Løvholt

Glimsdal

Lynett

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tsunamis induced by rock slides constitute a severe hazard towards coastal fjord communities. Fjords are narrow and rugged with steep slopes, and modeling the shortfrequency and high-amplitude tsunamis in this environment is demanding. In the present paper, our ability (and the lack thereof) to simulate tsunami propagation and run-up in fjords for typical wave characteristics of rock-slide-induced waves is demonstrated. The starting point is a 1 : 500 scale model of the topography and bathymetry of the southern part of Storfjorden fjord system in western Norway. Using measured wave data from the scale model as input to numerical simulations, we find that the leading wave is moderately influenced by nonlinearity and dispersion. For the trailing waves, dispersion and dissipation from the alongshore inundation on the traveling wave become more important. The tsunami inundation was simulated at the two locations of Hellesylt and Geiranger, providing a good match with the measurements in the former location. In Geiranger, the most demanding case of the two, discrepancies are larger. The discrepancies may be explained by a combinations of factors, such as the accumulated errors in the wave propagation along large stretches of the fjord, the coarse grid resolution needed to ensure model stability, and scale effects in the laboratory experiments.

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Modeling wave runup with depth-integrated equations

Cited by 362 publications

References 26 publications

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

Tsunami Inundation Modeling: Sensitivity of Velocity and Momentum Flux to Bottom Friction With Application to Building Damage at Seaside, Oregon

Simulating tsunami propagation in fjords with long-wave models

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