Modelling a Single Type of Environmental Impact from an Obnoxious Transport Activity: Implementing Locational Analysis with GIS

Abstract

Many facilities have negative impacts on neighbouring areas, and an obvious social and political concern is therefore to assess and minimise such impacts. The authors address this type of problem in relation to the dispersion of aircraft noise near airports. The approach involved brings together two basic components. First, two spatial models are presented. These are developed from existing concepts in location theory and modelling, but the authors attempt to overcome some of the limitations of previous models. Second, a geographical information system is used to obtain a better representation of the spatiotemporal processes involved in the dispersion of aircraft noise and to evaluate the functions of the two models. A case study is used to illustrate the methodology and helps to indicate how this approach could facilitate improved spatial decisionmaking.

Disaggregate spatio-temporal assessments of population exposure to aircraft noise

“…Determining the number of people at risk of noise exposure Determining the number of people at risk of exposure to aircraft noise requires knowledge of where people are throughout the day and across the week. This is clearly a much greater challenge than knowing where aircraft are and as a result conventional practice is to approximate the location of people based on their residential location from a census or other suitable source (Franssen et al, 2002;Moreno-Jimenez and Hodgart, 2003). The appeal here is the data are readily available and when used in conjunction with aggregate noise metrics such as the ANEF, give an impression of the general impacts.…”

A multiobjective modeling approach to locating incinerators

“…ReVelle and Ellis [39], and Cooper et al [14], provide excellent surveys of this literature. In spite of this long history, there is a continuing need for additional dispersion based modeling approaches [38], [35].…”

“…There has been also a growing interest in the use of GIS tools to help analyze environmental problems [25]. The use of GIS has great potential to assist in the analysis of HAZMAT facility location issues given the spatial nature of the location decisions and the risks imposed by them [33], [31], [16], [9], [8], [35], [1].…”