Modelling agglomeration and deposition of gas hydrates in industrial pipelines with combined CFD-PBM technique

Balakin, Boris V.; Lo, Shih‐Ching; Kosinski, Pawel; Hoffmann, Alex C.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2016.07.010

Cited by 68 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(i) the number of particles in the system p n , herein considered constant for the sake of simplification, but which vary due to agglomeration or breakage of particles 12,21,[23][24][25] ; and (ii) the gas consumption due to hydrate formation of each particle , gi hyd dn dt . The modeling of the latter is the focus of the next sections.…”

Section: Gas Concentration In the Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiscale Approach for Gas Hydrates Considering Structure, Agglomeration, and Transportability under Multiphase Flow Conditions: II. Growth Kinetic Model

Bassani

Sum

Herri

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In the second part of this series, we introduce the mathematical model for the growth kinetics of gas hydrates in oil continuous flow. Mathematical description of the capillary filling-up process is given (porosity evolution), coupled with growth phenomena already described in the literature (gas absorption by the oil bulk, mass transfer particle/bulk, outer growth due to permeation). The range of closure parameters reported in the literature for CH 4 hydrates is used to understand the limiting steps of crystallization, the evolution of porosity being the controlling factor in the asymptotic trend of the gas consumed over time. Furthermore, gas absorption by the bulk and mass transfer particle/bulk is shown to be negligible for oil-continuous flow when considering a gas that is much more soluble in oil than in water. The model is simplified for engineering purposes, giving rise to an explicit semi-empirical equation for the gas consumption rate because of hydrate formation based on two independent parameters that are experimentally regressed. A criterion for the existence of wet or dry particles (the water layer covering the particles in oilcontinuous flow) is proposed in means of the competition of crystal integration in the outer surface versus water permeation through the porous hydrate.

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Section: Gas Concentration In the Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiscale Approach for Gas Hydrates Considering Structure, Agglomeration, and Transportability under Multiphase Flow Conditions: II. Growth Kinetic Model

Bassani

Sum

Herri

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Numerous studies to-date have focused on the mechanisms of hydrate plugging in different oil–gas–water systems in pipelines, which is the key to economic risk management. − The experimental observations and theoretical analyses suggest that hydrate agglomeration and deposition are the two processes that cause hydrate plugging in oil and gas pipelines. In addition, hydrate deposition on a pipe wall can occur in two ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Solid Precipitation and Surface Corrosion on the Adhesion Strengths of Sintered Hydrate Deposits on Pipe Walls

et al. 2020

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A hydrate directly growing and sintering on a pipe wall is an important hydrate deposition case that has been relatively unexplored. In the present study, the adhesion strengths of a sintered cyclopentane (CyC5) hydrate deposit under different solid precipitation and surface corrosion conditions were measured and discussed. It was found that the hydrate adhesion strengths increased by 1.2–1.5× when the soaking time of the carbon steel substrate in a 5 wt % NaCl solution increased from 24 to 72 h, which reduced the water wetting angle from 112 ± 3.5° to 94 ± 3.3°. The wax coating reduced the strength of CyC5 hydrate adhesion by up to nearly 20-fold by reversing the substrate wettability and affecting the hydrate morphology. The measurements performed on scales indicate that calcium carbonate scales strengthen the adhesion strength because of the decrease in the water wetting angle. In addition, honeycomb holes on the surface reduce amplification. Furthermore, settling quartz sand on the wall reduced the adhesion strengths by decreasing the effective sintering area of the hydrate on the underlying base. Finer sand and higher concentrations led to lower strengths. On the basis of the verified linear correlation between the hydrate adhesion strength and the adhesion work of droplets on different substrates and the influence of water conversion during deposition, both an equation and a key constant parameter were obtained to predict the sintered hydrate deposit adhesion strengths on substrates.

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“…The literature presents several descriptions of apparent viscosity models coupled with multiphase flow hydrodynamics of hydrate slurries. − Those models however assume no partial restrictions, that is, that the slurry is always perfectly homogeneous and suspended; otherwise, a transient multiphase flow framework with Lagrangian tracking of the particles is required, , which is a substantially more complex problem. Under these conditions, the missing key is a criterion that assures the stable slurry flow for a given set of production conditions, which is the purpose of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining a Slurry Phase Map for Gas Hydrate Management in Multiphase Flow Systems

Lange-Bassani

Herri

Cameirão

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This study proposes a criterion for the safe transportability of gas hydrate slurries in oil-dominant flowlines. Fluids chemistry plays a role in how the particles agglomerate, which occurs in the time window the particles take to decrease their porosity because of crystallization in the capillary walls or to seal the water within the pores by the action of chemical additives, completely preventing any water in the outer surface of the particle and avoiding liquid bridge formation (agglomeration). Hydrodynamic aspects come from the lift vs buoyancy/weight forces that tend to suspend/settle the particles, as well as the collision and disruption rates of particles that play a role in the agglomeration process. The criterion is rather simple and shows the importance of the subcooling of crystallization, water cut, mixture velocity, and oil−water interfacial tension that can be lowered by the use of additives. A simple chart for assuring safe, fully suspended slurry flow (low plugging risk) is proposed, called hydrate slurry phase map, and directives of its use for flowline design and management are discussed. Discussion is also given on how to scale up laboratory measurements into field conditions by the proposal of a new dimensionless group, called the Bassani number.

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Modelling agglomeration and deposition of gas hydrates in industrial pipelines with combined CFD-PBM technique

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

A Multiscale Approach for Gas Hydrates Considering Structure, Agglomeration, and Transportability under Multiphase Flow Conditions: II. Growth Kinetic Model

A Multiscale Approach for Gas Hydrates Considering Structure, Agglomeration, and Transportability under Multiphase Flow Conditions: II. Growth Kinetic Model

Effects of Solid Precipitation and Surface Corrosion on the Adhesion Strengths of Sintered Hydrate Deposits on Pipe Walls

Defining a Slurry Phase Map for Gas Hydrate Management in Multiphase Flow Systems

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