Modelling agroforestry systems of cacao (Theobroma cacao) with laurel (Cordia alliodora) and poro (Erythrina poeppigiana) in Costa Rica

Alpízar, L.; Fassbender, H. W.; Heuveldop, J.; Fölster, H.; Enríquez, Gustavo A.

doi:10.1007/bf02028353

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although total biomass and nutrients were greater in leaf litter, he pointed out that the more rapid turnover of smaller amounts of nutrients in fine roots within the rhizospere may be of considerable ecological significance. A higher total nutrient content was found in the C. alliodora associations (Alpizar et al, 1986), which had a greater biomass of fine roots than the E. poeppigiana associations (Fassbender, 1993;Munoz, 1993). Greater leaching losses of Ca and Mg occurred in these E. poeppigiana associations (lmbach et al, 1989a; 1989b) possibly because the return of nutrients to the soil surface was concentrated in green (pruned) biomass which decomposed rapidly (Heuveldop et al, 1985).…”

Section: Nutrient Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Shade management in coffee and cacao plantations

Beer

Muschler

Kass

et al. 1998

Directions in Tropical Agroforestry Research

293

311

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Abstract. Shade trees reduce the stress of coffee (Coffea spp.) and cacao (Theobroma cacao) by ameliorating adverse climatic conditions and nutritional imbalances, but they may also compete for growth resources. For example, shade trees buffer high and low temperature extremes by as much as 5 oc and can produce up to 14 Mg ha-1 yr-1 of litterfall and pruning residues, containing up to 340 kg N ha-1 yr-1 • However, N 2 fixation by leguminous shade trees grown at a density of 100 to 300 trees ha-1 may not exceed 60 kg N ha-1 yr-1 • Shade tree selection and management are potentially important tools for integrated pest management because increased shade may increase the incidence of some commercially important pests and diseases (such as Phythphora palmivora and Mycena citricolor) and decrease the incidence of others (such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cercospora coffeicola). In Central America, merchantable timber production from commercially important shade tree species, such as Cordia alliodora, is in the range of 4-6 m 3 ha-1 yr-1 _ The relative importance and overall effect of the different interactions between shade trees and coffee/cacao are dependent upon site conditions (soil/climate), component selection (species/varieties/provenances), belowground and aboveground characteristics of the trees and crops, and management practices. On optimal sites, coffee can be grown without shade using high agrochemical inputs. However, economic evaluations, which include off-site impacts such as ground water contamination, are needed to judge the desirability of this approach. Moreover, standard silvicultural practices for closed plantations need to be adapted for open-grown trees within coffee/cacao plantations.

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Section: Nutrient Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Shade management in coffee and cacao plantations

Beer

Muschler

Kass

et al. 1998

Directions in Tropical Agroforestry Research

293

311

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“…The incorporation of N-fixing trees in production systems is frequently followed by higher yields of associated crops or trees (Alpizar et al, 1986;Dommergues, 1987;Szott et al, 1991). Symbiotic N fixation bY trees often results in increased soil N mineralization and nitrification, with consequent higher availability of mineral forms of N (ammonium, NH +, and nitrate, NO3) in the soil and solution (Binkley et al, 1982;Montagnini et al, 1986;1991a;Van Miegroet and Cole, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net nitrogen mineralization in soils under six indigenous tree species, an abandoned pasture and a secondary forest in the atlantic lowlands of costa rica

Montagnini

Sancho

1994

Plant Soil

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Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification potentials, pH, total N, C, extractable P and cations were measured in soils under 4-year-old, mono-specific stands of six fast-growing, native tree species, an abandoned pasture, and a 20-year-old secondary forest, as part of a study on the use of indigenous tree species for rehabilitation of soil fertility' on degraded pastures at the La Selva Biological Station in the Atlantic humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Soil net nitrification potential rates were higher under two N-fixing, leguminous species, Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp. et Endl. (1.1-1.9 mg kg -1 day -1) and Dalbergia tucurensis Donn. Smith (0.7-1.5 mg kg-lday-1), than under the non-N-fixing trees in the plantation, Vochysia guatemalesis Don. Sm., Vochysiaferruginea Mart, Dipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Record and Mell and Hyeronima alchorneoides Fr. Allemao (0.2-0.8 mg kg-1 day-1). Values under the N-fixing trees were comparable to those found in secondary forest. There were no statistically significant: differences in soil total N or in other nurtients between the species. Results of pH measurements done before and after incubation did not show any clear evidence of a pH drop attributable to nitrification.

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“…Isolated information on these processes in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) -shade tree systems has been found in the literature [2,3,4,12,14,15,16] and in some cases models of organic matter and nutritive element cycles have been prepared [2,10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%