Modelling and Analysis of Chevy Volt Gen II Hybrid Vehicle in Electric Mode

Energy Management Systems’ Modeling and Optimization in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

“…During this mode, the C2 clutch is closed and the C1 clutch is open, and as the OWC (one-way clutch) is disengaged, the MGB unit is activated for regenerative braking as well as driving the vehicle [15]. This mode is used for low-load operating requirements [7]. The two-motor electric drive (EV2) mode is used to meet the short-term demand for wheel torque by using both electric motors when the MGB reaches its maximum torque limits in EV1 mode [31].…”

“…The two-motor electric drive (EV2) mode is used to meet the short-term demand for wheel torque by using both electric motors when the MGB reaches its maximum torque limits in EV1 mode [31]. The EV2 mode is an all-electric mode where the engine is off and the MGA and MGB provide the traction, with regenerative braking via the MGB [7]. The EV2 mode, where the MGA assists the MGB in providing traction, is used for smooth acceleration when the MGB cannot handle heavy loads and for starting the vehicle.…”

“…Rising fuel prices and concerns about global warming have been the main drivers in the automotive industry towards hybrid electric vehicles, a development process towards advanced powertrains [4]. HEVs have the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions significantly, while meeting vehicle power demands and maintaining satisfactory vehicle performance [5][6][7]. HEVs combine the use of an engine and electric motors, resulting in better fuel efficiency and lower emissions, further reducing dependence on fossil fuels and environmental impact [8,9].…”

“…The power required by the vehicle at any time can be provided by one or a combination of these energy sources [10]. The electric motor supports the engine by reducing the workload and optimizing fuel consumption, resulting in lower fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions [7,[11][12][13]. It also improves fuel and energy efficiency as the kinetic energy generated during regenerative braking can be recovered and used to power the vehicle in the subsequent process [14].…”

“…Yuan et al introduced a comparative study by using dynamic programming (DP) and Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP)-based energy management methods for parallel HEVs [5]. Surresh et al developed a power-split HEV model configuration and validated it with experimental data from different drive cycles in order to analyze and optimize fuel consumption in the vehicle [7]. Barmaki et al developed a fuzzy logic (FL)-based controller which is optimized with the genetic algorithm in order to improve fuel efficiency and emissions reduction for PHEVs [9].…”