Modelling and characterisation of stress-induced carbide precipitation in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue

Fu, Hanwei; Galindo-Nava, E.I.; Rivera-Dı́az-del-Castillo, P.E.J.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.006

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…According to the analysis in Ref. [21], gilding dislocations can drag the Cottrell atmospheres formed around them and generate a carbon flux owing to the unique stress history of rolling contact. Such dislocation-assisted carbon flux is schematically shown in Fig.…”

Section: Der Formation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 (a) and (b), where the time interval t c between neighbouring stress pulses allows for carbon to migrate back towards those dislocations that just moved for DL to form Cottrell atmospheres. The magnitude of such carbon flux (J d ), referring to [21], is given by:…”

Section: Der Formation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Kang et al [19] postulated a more plausible mechanism, stating that during DER formation the excess carbon migrates to pre-existing carbide precipitates with the assistance of gliding dislocations thickening them; the model managed to explain the material softening in DERs but failed to accurately describe the effects of temperature, rotational speed and contact pressure. In this context, a dislocation-assisted carbon migration theory was suggested by a recent study [21] to describe the precipitation of lenticular carbides (LCs) in rolling contact fatigued bearing steels, which can also be applied to describe the thickening of pre-existing carbide precipitates in DERs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-induced martensite decay in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue: Modelling and atomic-scale characterisation

Song

Galindo-Nava

et al. 2017

Acta Materialia

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a b s t r a c tMartensite decay in bearing steels manifested as dark etching regions (DERs) under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is modelled. The proposed model is established based on a dislocation-assisted carbon migration mechanism. The proposed model is capable of predicting the progress of DER formation and the corresponding mechanical property evolution with increasing number of cycles, in good agreement with the experimental data reported throughout seventy years. The effects of RCF testing conditions on DER formation are studied and a useful tool, DER% maps, is developed for illustrating the temperature, contact pressure and number of cycles for DER occurrence. Moreover, an atom probe tomography study is carried out, revealing the nature of DER ferrite and obtaining strong evidence supporting the postulated DER formation mechanism. The successful application of the dislocation assisted carbon migration mechanism to DER formation provides a plausible explanation to the phenomenon of martensite decay under rolling contact fatigue.

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Section: Der Formation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Der Formation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-induced martensite decay in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue: Modelling and atomic-scale characterisation

Song

Galindo-Nava

et al. 2017

Acta Materialia

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“…The formation of white etching bands (WEBs) occurs in martensitic 100Cr6 bearing steels at very high stress cycles (usually > 10 8 cycles) during rolling contact-fatigue (RCF) testing [1,2]. They manifest the instability of the material at the late stages of bearing life, exhibiting typical martensite decay [3][4][5][6]. WEBs are always found at the subsurface of a fatigued bearing inner ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, WEBs are found parallel to the contact surface in the axial section (the section perpendicular to the ORD) as presented in Figure 1b. The structure of WEBs was revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [3,6]. A WEB consists of a ferrite band and lenticular carbides (LCs) adjacent to it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of White Etching Bands in 100Cr6 Bearing Steel under Rolling Contact-Fatigue

Rivera-Dı́az-del-Castillo

2019

Metals

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The formation of white etching bands (WEBs) occurs at the subsurface of rolling contact-fatigued bearing inner rings, exhibiting microstructural decay detrimental to bearing life. Despite the fact that WEBs have been observed in bearing steels for nearly 70 years, the understanding of WEB formation is still limited and mostly qualitative. Therefore, a systematic investigation is carried out in this research to reveal the evolution of WEBs with respect to the number of contact cycles. WEBs formed at different stages are reproduced by full-scale bearing RCF tests with predetermined numbers of cycles. Multi-scale characterisation techniques such as optical microscopy, micro-indentation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are conducted on the microstructural alterations to study the development and microstructure of WEBs. WEBs are found in the absence of dark etching regions which is attributed to the heat treatment. With an increasing number of cycles, WEBs grow in number density and in all three dimensions, and their formation is found to be controlled by the maximum shear stress component. Ferrite bands within WEBs that contain dislocation cells manifest accumulated plastic strain in the material. Based on the characterisation results, the evolution of plastic strain under RCF is quantified.

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Microstructure and Properties of 1.0C–1.5Cr Bearing Steel in Processes of Hot Rolling, Spheroidization, Quenching, and Tempering

Liu

Ren

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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A novel online subcritical spheroidization annealing technology is proposed. To verify the validity and advantage, microstructure, and properties of 1.0C-1.5Cr bearing steel in three process of hot rolling, spheroidization, quenching, and tempering are investigated. It is demonstrated that the refining of hot rolled microstructure is beneficial to obtaining finer spheroidized microstructure, which accelerates cementite dissolution during the austenitization process of subsequent quenching treatment. When the ferrite grain size of spheroidized microstructure decreases from 8.3 to 1.7 mm, and mean diameter of spheroidized cementite decreases from 0.38 to 0.22 mm, the prior austenite grain size of the microstructure quenched from 850 C decreases by about 27%, and mean diameter of undissolved cementite decreases by at least 20%. The fatigue limit of the tested steel after quenching and tempering is measured. It is increased from 789 to 986 MPa due to the comprehensive effect of the refining of both undissolved cementite and prior austenite grain, and the increase of retained austenite content in the martensite matrix.

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Modelling and characterisation of stress-induced carbide precipitation in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue

Cited by 51 publications

References 22 publications

Strain-induced martensite decay in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue: Modelling and atomic-scale characterisation

Strain-induced martensite decay in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue: Modelling and atomic-scale characterisation

Evolution of White Etching Bands in 100Cr6 Bearing Steel under Rolling Contact-Fatigue

Microstructure and Properties of 1.0C–1.5Cr Bearing Steel in Processes of Hot Rolling, Spheroidization, Quenching, and Tempering

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