Modelling and control of vehicle integrated thermal management system of PEM fuel cell vehicle

Xu, Jiamin; Zhang, Caizhi; Fan, Ruijia; Bao, Huanhuan; Wang, Yi; Huang, Shulong; Chin, Cheng Siong; Li, Congxin

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117495

Cited by 107 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Using experiments, Hu et al [3] proposed using an optimum OCT that can provide the maximum efficiency of PEMFC. Similarly, Xu et al [4] found that a very high working temperature affected PEMFC performance and proposed an optimum temperature for PEMFC vehicles. With the aid of studies done at severe temperatures of -20 • C and 120 • C, Lochner et al [5] proposed an optimal OCT for effective PEMFC operation and linked it to durability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Combination studies of operating cell, inlet‐line, and humidification temperatures on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Thiyagarajan

Jeganathan

2022

Fuel Cells

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The combined influence of factors, that is, operating cell temperature, humidification temperature (HT) (indirectly relative humidity), and reactant gas inletline temperature on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell was experimentally and statistically studied. A catalyst-coated membrane, membrane electrode assembly, of 6.25 cm 2 active area and 0.29 mg pt cm -2 catalyst loading was used in the study. Experimentally, the effect of individual factors and their combinations on cell performance was studied. Statistical analyses were carried out to find the main and interaction effects of different factors. Analysis of variance (ANOVA, 5% significance level, 95% confidence level) analysis, which was validated for homoscedasticity, was used to evaluate the significance of the main and interaction effects of factors. From the study, it was observed that the HT had a significant main effect (988 W m -2 ). Both interaction plots and ANOVA results revealed that the combination of operating cell and HT was the most significant. The study showed a very interesting observation that the statistical interaction effect (545 W m -2 ) was half of the experimental deviation value (1090 W m -2 ) between the summation of independent effects and the combined effect. K E Y W O R D Sexperimental deviation value, humidification temperature, inlet-line temperature, operating cell temperature, proton exchange membrane fuel cell List of Symbols: 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 , main effect (in terms of peak power density) (W m -2 ); 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , interaction effect (in terms of peak power density) (W m -2 ); {[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ } 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , average of peak power densities when the interaction was at a high level (W m -2 ); {[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] 𝑙𝑜𝑤 } 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , average of peak power densities when the interaction was at a low level (W m -2 ); {[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] 𝑙𝑜𝑤 } 𝐴 & 𝐵 , average of peak power densities when factors A and B were at a low level (W m -2 ) (can be applied for other factors too); {[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ } 𝐴 & 𝐵 , average of peak power densities when factors A and B were at a high level (W m -2 ) (can be applied for other factors too); {[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] 𝑙𝑜𝑤 & ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ } 𝐴 & 𝐵 , average of peak power densities when factors A and B were at low and high levels, respectively (W m -2 ) (can be applied for other factors too); {[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ & 𝑙𝑜𝑤 } 𝐴 & 𝐵 , average of peak power densities when factors A and B were at high and low levels, respectively (W m -2 ) (can be applied for other factors too); Δ[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 , reduction in average peak power density value due to combined effect (W m -2 ); ∑ {Δ[𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ] 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 }, summation of deviation in average power density in independent effects (W m -2 )

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly, Xu et al. [4] found that a very high working temperature affected PEMFC performance and proposed an optimum temperature for PEMFC vehicles. With the aid of studies done at severe temperatures of –20°C and 120°C, Lochner et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination studies of operating cell, inlet‐line, and humidification temperatures on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Thiyagarajan

Jeganathan

2022

Fuel Cells

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“…The challenges that the PEM fuel cell faces are water and thermal management [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], performance optimization [16,17,18,19], design and modeling [18,20,21,22], and cell humidification [23,24,25,26,27,28]. One of the critical topics that we can apply to achieve proper performance for the fuel cell is geometric design configuration [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Optimization and Multiphase Analysis of Polygon PEM Fuel Cells

Jabbary¹,

Pourmahmoud²,

Abdollahi³

2022

Preprint

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This article presents new PEM fuel cell models with hexagonal and pentagonal designs. After observing cell performance improvement in these models, we optimized them. Inlet pressure and temperature were used as input parameters and consumption and output power as target parameters of the multi-objective optimization algorithm. Then we used artificial intelligence techniques, including deep neural networks and polynomial regression, to model the data. Next, we employed the RSM (Response Surface Method) method to derive the target functions. Furthermore, we applied the NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize the targets. The optimized Pentagonal and Hexagonal models averagely increase the output current density by 21.819% and 39.931%, respectively, compared to the base model (Cubic).

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“…17 On the other hand, if the PEMFC system is based on natural convection of air with the external surface area of the stack, then the cooling is considered as passive. 18 Passive cooling refers to the use of conduction to dissipate heat; this is achieved using heat spreaders or heat pipes. 19,20 Between those two configurations, the passive cooling approach is simpler, leading to a lower system cost, lower and easier maintenance and it can be applied also to lightweight applications, such as the utilisation of PEMFCs in UAVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case where the reactant air (oxygen reduction reaction) and the air for cooling are supplied to the system separately via two different pathways, then the cooling is considered as active 17 . On the other hand, if the PEMFC system is based on natural convection of air with the external surface area of the stack, then the cooling is considered as passive 18 . Passive cooling refers to the use of conduction to dissipate heat; this is achieved using heat spreaders or heat pipes 19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characteristics of an air‐cooled open‐cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack via numerical investigation

et al. 2020

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In light of stricter emissions regulations and depleting fossil fuel reserves, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are one of the leading alternatives for powering future vehicles. An open-cathode, air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack provides a relatively simple electric generation system for a vehicle in terms of system complexity and number of components. The temperature within a PEMFC stack is critical to its level of performance and the electrochemical efficiency. Previously created computational models to study and predict the stack temperature have been limited in their scale and the inaccurate assumption that temperature is uniform throughout. The present work details the creation of a numerical model to study the temperature distribution of an 80-cell Ballard 1020ACS stack by simulating the cooling airflow across the stack. Using computational fluid dynamics, a steady-state airflow simulation was performed using experimental data to form boundary conditions where possible. Additionally, a parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of the distance between the stack and cooling fan on stack performance. Model validation was performed against published results. The temperature distribution across the stack was identical for the central 70% of the cells, with eccentric temperatures observed at the stack extremities, while the difference between coolant and bipolar plate temperatures was approximately 10 C at the cooling channel outlets. The results of the parametric study showed that the fan-stack distance has a negligible effect on stack performance. The assumptions regarding stack temperature uniformity and measurement were challenged. Lastly, the hypothesis regarding the negligible effect of fan-stack distance on stack performance was confirmed.

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Modelling and control of vehicle integrated thermal management system of PEM fuel cell vehicle

Cited by 107 publications

References 24 publications

Combination studies of operating cell, inlet‐line, and humidification temperatures on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Combination studies of operating cell, inlet‐line, and humidification temperatures on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Optimization and Multiphase Analysis of Polygon PEM Fuel Cells

Thermal characteristics of an air‐cooled open‐cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack via numerical investigation

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