Modelling and optimization of NaOH-etched 3-D printed PCL for enhanced cellular attachment and growth with minimal loss of mechanical strength

Gupta, Deepak; Singh, Akriti; Kar, Neelakshi; Dravid, Ashwin; Bellare, Jayesh

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.084

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The non-treated PCL and PCL/HA scaffolds showed smooth surfaces, while the scaffolds with O 2 plasma and NaOH treatments showed rough surfaces. This was an expected result for scaffolds subjected to O 2 plasma and NaOH treatments [ 26 , 31 ]. The surface of the O 2 plasma-treated scaffolds was finely etched, whereas that of the NaOH-treated scaffolds showed a relatively bulky surface morphology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro

et al. 2021

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The 3D-printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds show great promise as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D-printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to them. In this study, we modified the surface characteristics of 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffolds using O2 plasma and sodium hydroxide. The surface property of the alkaline hydrolyzed and O2 plasma-treated PCL/HA scaffolds were evaluated using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and water contact angle analysis, respectively. The in vitro behavior of the scaffolds was investigated using human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs). Cell proliferation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was evaluated via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was further investigated using ARS staining and Western blot analysis. The result of this study shows that alkaline treatment is beneficial for exposing hydroxyapatite particles embedded in the scaffolds compared to O2 plasma treatment, which promotes cell proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro

et al. 2021

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“…Increase intensity of treatment resulted in enhanced surface porosity (~60%), increased surface roughness (~700 nm), and improved cellular response till surface porosity reached~35%. 36 Rotbaum et al (2019) studied the effect of pore geometry and size in 3D printed PCL scaffolds on their mechanical properties. Square pores (with dimensions 150-650 μm) had 59-79% porosity while quadrangular, hexagonal, triangular and complex pores had a constant porosity of approx.…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Pclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycaprolactone as biomaterial for bone scaffolds: Review of literature

Dwivedi

Kumar

Pandey

et al. 2020

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

500

290

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Bone tissue engineering using polymer based scaffolds have been studied a lot in last decades. Considering the qualities of all the polymers desired to be used as scaffolds, Polycaprolactone (PCL) polyester apart from being biocompatible and biodegradable qualifies to an appreciable level due its easy availability, cost efficacy and suitability for modification. Its adjustable physio-chemical state, biological properties and mechanical strength renders it to withstand physical, chemical and mechanical, insults without significant loss of its properties. This review aims to critically analyse the efficacy of PCL as a biomaterial for bone scaffolds. 1.1. Polymers as biomaterial for scaffolds The characteristics of a biomaterial that must be scrutinized thoroughly before considering it for bone tissue engineering applications includes chemical composition, biological and structural characteristics, degradation behavior and fabrication process. Polymeric scaffolds are of considerable interest due to their distinctive features, such

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“…Slow cooling creates different roughness and triggers the apparition of small random internal strands. Although at first view those lines could be considered as defects, it has been described that greater roughness yields better cell attachment and proliferation [34]. This behaviour can be attributed to the rubbery character of PCL at room temperature, since its T g is −60 • C. Therefore, this phenomenon can be different from other thermoplastic polymers also used for bone engineering, such as poly(glycolic) acid (PGA), T g 35-40 • C or poly(lactic) acid (PLA) T g (55,2 • C) [35] and different copolymers [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Thermoplastic 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Influence of Parameters of “Hidden” Importance in the Physical Properties of Scaffolds

Mateo

Rodríguez‐Lorenzo

2020

Polymers

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Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are becoming the approaches of choice for the construction of scaffolds in tissue engineering. However, the development of 3D printing in this field brings unique challenges, which must be accounted for in the design of experiments. The common printing process parameters must be considered as important factors in the design and quality of final 3D-printed products. In this work, we study the influence of some parameters in the design and fabrication of PCL scaffolds, such as the number and orientation of layers, but also others of “hidden” importance, such as the cooling down rate while printing, or the position of the starting point in each layer. These factors can have an important impact oin the final porosity and mechanical performance of the scaffolds. A pure polycaprolactone filament was used. Three different configurations were selected for the design of the internal structure of the scaffolds: a solid one with alternate layers (solid) (0°, 90°), a porous one with 30% infill and alternate layers (ALT) (0°, 90°) and a non-alternated configuration consisting in printing three piled layers before changing the orientation (n-ALT) (0°, 0°, 0°, 90°, 90°, 90°). The nozzle temperature was set to 172 °C for printing and the build plate to 40 °C. Strand diameters of 361 ± 26 µm for room temperature cooling down and of 290 ± 30 µm for forced cooling down, were obtained. A compression elastic modulus of 2.12 ± 0.31 MPa for n-ALT and 8.58 ± 0.14 MPa for ALT scaffolds were obtained. The cooling down rate has been observed as an important parameter for the final characteristics of the scaffold.

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Modelling and optimization of NaOH-etched 3-D printed PCL for enhanced cellular attachment and growth with minimal loss of mechanical strength

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro

3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro

Polycaprolactone as biomaterial for bone scaffolds: Review of literature

Design of Thermoplastic 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Influence of Parameters of “Hidden” Importance in the Physical Properties of Scaffolds

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