Modelling and simulation of unsteady dc electric arcs and their interactions with electrodes

Chemartin, L.; Lalande, P.; Delalondre, C.; Chéron, B. G.; Lago, F.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/44/19/194003

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Instead the procedure of e.g. Chemartin et al [9], Larsson et al [21], and Tholin et al [12], is followed, and a thin pre-heated region of the domain is considered, representative of the initial connection resulting from voltage breakdown. This region is of sufficiently high temperature to result in ionisation and the formation of a plasma.…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-physics simulations of lightning strike on elastoplastic substrates

Millmore

Nikiforakis

2020

Journal of Computational Physics

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This work is concerned with the numerical simulation of elastoplastic, electromagnetic and thermal response of aerospace materials due to their interaction with a plasma arc under lightning strike conditions. Current approaches treat the interaction between these two states of matter either in a decoupled manner or through one-way coupled 'cosimulation'. In this paper a methodology for multiphysics simulations of two-way interaction between lightning and elastoplastic materials is presented, which can inherently capture the non-linear feedback between these two states of matter. This is achieved by simultaneously solving the magnetohydrodynamic and the elastoplastic systems of equations on the same computational mesh, evolving the magnetic and electric fields dynamically. The resulting model allows for the topological evolution and movement of the arc attachment point coupled to the structural response and Joule heating of the substrate. The dynamic communication between the elastoplastic material and the plasma is facilitated by means of Riemann problem-based ghost fluid methods. This two-way coupling, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has not been previously demonstrated. The proposed model is first validated against experimental laboratory studies, demonstrating that the growth of the plasma arc can be accurately reproduced, dependent on the electrical conductivity of the substrate. It is then subsequently evaluated in a setting where the dynamically-evolved properties within the substrate feed back into the plasma arc attachment. Results are presented for multi-layered substrates of different materials, and for a substrate with temperature-dependent electrical conductivity. It is demonstrated that these conditions generate distinct behaviour due to the interaction between the plasma arc and the substrate.

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Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-physics simulations of lightning strike on elastoplastic substrates

Millmore

Nikiforakis

2020

Journal of Computational Physics

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“…They reported that the internal pressure between the laminate layers of the composite wind turbine blade is proportional to the arc energy that is enforced on the composite blade surface. Furthermore, the lightning plasma channel also produces a magnetic force and an acoustic shock wave, which also lead to mechanical impact damage on the composite structures (Chemartin, Lalande, Delalondre, Cheron, & Lago, 2011;Muñoz et al, 2014). An overview of the lightning strike's direct effects on polymer-matrix composite structures is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nestor and Tsai obtained the current density profiles using experimental methods (Nestor, 1962;Tsai & Eagar, 1985). Lowke and Chemartin obtained the current density profiles using numerical methods based on magnetohydrodynamics method (MHD) (Chemartin et al, 2011;Lowke & Tanaka, 2006). The current density profiles calculated using obtained equation (4-11) and equation 4-12are compared to the experimental and numerical results.…”

Section: Lightning Current Density Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of lightning-induced thermal ablation damage in anisotropic composite materials and its application to wind turbine blades

Wang¹

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“…To the authors' knowledge, the simultaneous solution of plasma-arc and a solid has not been presented before. The interaction of the lightning arc with a surface (e.g, [16,17,18,40,41,42,43,44,45,46]) is usually done by considering prescribed plasma or prescribed material conductivity at the material interface rather than considering full solution of the two phases simultaneously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-physics Methodology for Four States of Matter

Michael

Millmore

Nikiforakis

2019

Commun. Appl. Math. Comput.

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We propose a numerical methodology for the simultaneous numerical simulation of four states of matter; gas, liquid, elastoplastic solids and plasma. The distinct, interacting physical processes are described by a combination of compressible, inert and reactive forms of the Euler equations, multiphase equations, elastoplastic equations and resistive MHD equations. Combinations of systems of equations are usually solved by coupling finite element for solid modelling and CFD models for fluid modelling or including material effects through boundary conditions rather than full material discretisation. Our simultaneous solution methodology lies on the recasting of all the equations in the same, hyperbolic form allowing their solution on the same grid with the same finite-volume numerical schemes. We use a combination of sharp and diffuse interface methods to track or capture material interfaces, depending on the application. The communication between the distinct systems of equations (i.e., materials separated by sharp interfaces) is facilitated by means of mixed-material Riemann solvers at the boundaries of the systems, which represent physical material boundaries. To this end we derive approximate mixed Riemann solvers for each pair of the above models based on characteristic equations. To demonstrate the applicability of the new methodology we consider a case study where we investigate the possibility of ignition of a combustible gas that lies over a liquid in a metal container that is struck by a plasma-arc akin to a lightning strike. We study the effect on the ignition of the metal container material and conductivity, of the presence of a dielectric coating, of insensitive combustible gases and sealed and pre-damaged metal surfaces. IntroductionThe accurate numerical simulation of a wide range of manufacturing, automotive, aerospace and defence processes necessitates the consideration of combinations of gaseous, liquid, elastoplastic solids and plasma. Examples include prevention of ignition sources from entering an aircraft fuel tank containment system and an explosive in exposed ordnance or mining-sites. Other examples include additive manufacturing processes such as laser-melt of metal powder. This article presents numerical methods for the simultaneous solution of equations describing the four distinct states of matter, allowing the non-linear communication of the materials in a multi-physics framework. The methodology can also be used as part of the manufacturing process for optimising industrial (e.g., plane-wing coatings, car etc.) components in terms of shapes and materials.An integrated numerical methodology for numerically simulating an application involving four states of matter has three elements; the formulations describing each state of matter, the numerical methods that solve these separately and the communication between any two models through material coupling. Here we give an overview of relevant literature concerning the first and the last of these elements, as this is where the novelty of this ...

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Modelling and simulation of unsteady dc electric arcs and their interactions with electrodes

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Multi-physics simulations of lightning strike on elastoplastic substrates

Multi-physics simulations of lightning strike on elastoplastic substrates

Modeling of lightning-induced thermal ablation damage in anisotropic composite materials and its application to wind turbine blades

A Multi-physics Methodology for Four States of Matter

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