Modelling and Synchronisation of Delayed Packet-Coupled Oscillators in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Zong, Yongqiang; Dai, Xuewu; Canyelles-Pericas, Pep; Busawon, Krishna; Binns, Richard; Gao, Zhiwei

doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1953

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Overall, there still exists a lack of theoretical design of synchronisation protocol parameters, with the effects of clock noises and external disturbances (from packet exchange and processing delays). This motivates us to use the H ∞ control solution for parameter selection of the R-PkCOs protocol, and extending our previous researches [8], [11].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…α and β are the controller's parameters. Practically, due to limitations of the processor architecture, the processing delay η i [k] occurs, when the offset correction input u θi [k] is applied to the counter register [8]. The clock's time variable actually is adjusted at the time t kj +κ ij [k]+η i [k]: (10) where the processing delay η i [k] is the Gaussian random process with the mean of ηi and the variance of σ 2 ηi .…”

Section: B Packet-coupled Synchronisation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extra value of processing delay is unintentionally employed to correct the local clock, and the effects of timestamping uncertainty are modelled in η i [k] [11]. This work compensates for the impacts of this processing delay via adding its mean value to u θi [k], as shown in [8].…”

Section: B Packet-coupled Synchronisation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, inspired by the synchrony of fireflies' flashing [6], a typical model, Pulse-Coupled Oscillators (PCO), is proposed in natural and physical science communities [7]. Thanks to its simplicity and scalability, this model is particularly suitable for resourceconstrained wireless sensor networks [8]. However, the assumptions of PCO [e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H _∞ Output Feedback Control

Zong

Dai

Wei

et al. 2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Precise timing over timestamped packet exchange communication is an enabling technology in the mission-critical industrial Internet of Things, particularly when satellite-based timing is unavailable. The main challenge is to ensure timing accuracy when the clock synchronisation system is subject to disturbances caused by the drifting frequency, time-varying delay, jitter, and timestamping uncertainty. In this work, a Robust Packet-Coupled Oscillators (R-PkCOs) protocol is proposed to reduce the effects of perturbations manifested in the drifting clock, timestamping uncertainty and delays. First, in the spanning tree clock topology, time synchronisation between an arbitrary pair of clocks is modelled as a state-space model, where clock states are coupled with each other by one-way timestamped packet exchange (referred to as packet coupling), and the impacts of both drifting frequency and delays are modelled as disturbances. A static output controller is adopted to adjust the drifting clock. The H∞ robust control design solution is proposed to guarantee that the ratio between the modulus of synchronisation precision and the magnitude of the disturbances is always less than a given value. Therefore, the proposed time synchronisation protocol is robust against the disturbances, which means that the impacts of drifting frequency and delays on the synchronisation accuracy are limited. The one-hour experimental results demonstrate that the proposed R-PkCOs protocol can realise time synchronisation with the precision of six microseconds in a 21-node IEEE 802.15.4 network. This work has widespread impacts in the process automation of automotive, mining, oil and gas industries.

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: B Packet-coupled Synchronisation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Packet-coupled Synchronisation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H _∞ Output Feedback Control

Zong

Dai

Wei

et al. 2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…The use of a feedforward compensation strategy (e.g. [16], [32]) cannot fully compensate for the effects of this varying delay. Thus, this work utilises a dynamic controller for clock offset correction, yielding…”

Section: Dynamic Packet-coupled Synchronisation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Synchronized Data Acquisition for Biometric Authentication

Zong

Liu

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Owing to its unique, concealment and easy customisation by combining different wrist and hand gestures, High-Density surface electromyogram (HD-sEMG) is recognised as a potential solution to the next generation biometric authentication, which usually adopts a wireless Body Sensor Network (BSN) to acquire the multi-channel HD-sEMG biosignals from distributed electrode arrays. For more accurate and reliable classification, biometric authentication requires the distributed biosignals to be sampled simultaneously and be well-aligned, which means that the sampling jitters among the arrays need to be tiny. To synchronise data sampling clocks of a cluster of BSN nodes for biometric authentication, this paper modifies the Packet-Coupled Oscillators protocol by using a Dynamic controller (D-PkCOs). This protocol only involves one-way single packet exchange, which reduces the communication overhead significantly. For the purpose of maintaining precise sampling of these BSN nodes subject to drifting clock frequency and varying delays, the dynamic controller is designed via the H∞ robust method, and it is proved that all the BSN nodes' sampling jitters are bounded. The experimental results demonstrate that the D-PkCOs protocol can keep the sampling jitters less than a microsecond in a 10node IEEE 802.15.4 network. The application of D-PkCOs to the BSN shows that the HD-sEMG signal with a high signalto-noise ratio is obtained, which leads to better gesture classification performance.

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Dynamic collaborative optimization of end-to-end delay and power consumption in wireless sensor networks for smart distribution grids

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2023

Computer Communications

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Modelling and Synchronisation of Delayed Packet-Coupled Oscillators in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H _∞ Output Feedback Control

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H _∞ Output Feedback Control

Robust Synchronized Data Acquisition for Biometric Authentication

Dynamic collaborative optimization of end-to-end delay and power consumption in wireless sensor networks for smart distribution grids

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Modelling and Synchronisation of Delayed Packet-Coupled Oscillators in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H ∞ Output Feedback Control

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H ∞ Output Feedback Control

Robust Synchronized Data Acquisition for Biometric Authentication

Dynamic collaborative optimization of end-to-end delay and power consumption in wireless sensor networks for smart distribution grids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H _∞ Output Feedback Control

Robust Time Synchronization for Industrial Internet of Things by H _∞ Output Feedback Control