Modelling and Validating the Spray Characteristics of a Co-axial Twin-Fluid Atomizer Using OpenFOAM

Abstract

Today, the applications of sprays cover a wide range of fields. Their role in internal combustion engines is instrumental in maintaining higher engine efficiency. A deeper understanding of the liquid-gas phase interaction in sprays is crucial to the atomization process. The methods and models used in the simulations have their challenges due to the various discretization schemes and solutions used. To develop and validate the computational models, well defined experimental data is required. In the present work, spray characteristics were studied numerically through OpenFOAM. As the spray characteristics are closely linked with the liquid breakup length, this study focuses on the primary breakup phenomena and the breakup length of the liquid jet emanating from the twin-fluid co-axial flow atomizer. Numerical simulations were performed for a wide range of initial conditions and the breakup length of the spray was validated against the experimental observed by Sivadas et al., [26]. These simulations were carried out using a Eulerian based VOF solver that models the fluid as a continuum. K-Epsilon model was used to predict the turbulent nature of the spray. The air and water velocities were varied between 19.0 to 31.3 m/s and 0.7 to 1.8 m/s respectively. The proposed model was able to predict the computed breakup length within 20% of the experimental values. The present model can be further extended to test for a co-axial swirl injector to predict finer spray formation.

The Combined Effect of the Piston Bowl Geometry and Injection Fuel Pressure on the Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics

“…In the combustion chamber, the relation among squish, swirl, piston bowl ship, and turbulence are more pronounced. A prime objective of the piston bowl geometry is to prove turbulence in the air-fuel motion [24], which is found more beneficial for the mixing process to meet its performance and emissions targets. During compression stroke, as the piston approaches the top dead center (TDC), the induced swirl by intake port and squish is generated, creating a high intensity of turbulences through proper design of the bowl in the piston crown.…”

Computational Fluid Dynamics: Flow Analysis on The Effect of Different Jet Orifice Angle Multi Circular Jet for Fuel and Air Mixing

“…It also has advantages over external mixing of air-assisted atomizers, such as good spray quality at low pressure, easy-to-control spray performance, and low primary air consumption. The atomizer nozzle geometry plays an important role in the characteristics of spray atomization and the formation of fuel-air mixtures [9], which contribute to enhancing the combustion and reducing the emissions [10,11].…”