Modelling artificial night-sky brightness with a polarized multiple scattering radiative transfer computer code

Kerola, D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09821.x

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[17] The polarization of urban skyglow in the absence of the moon (8.6 AE 0.3%) was larger than we expected, and considerably larger than the $2% predicted by a recent light pollution model that takes polarization into account [Kerola, 2006]. We speculate on the possible origin of this polarization in the conclusion, and simply note here that this level of urban skyglow polarization could have biological implications for clear moonless nights, as crickets are able to perceive the polarization signal of the sky if p exceeds 5% [Horváth and Varjú, 2004].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…[5] While the light produced by typical street lamps is normally not strongly polarized, light pollution in urban areas can become polarized both through the scattering of light by the atmosphere [Kerola, 2006], and through reflections from natural or artificial planar surfaces [Können, 1985;Horváth et al, 2009] (e.g., lake water, asphalt, and glass windows). The skyglow seen by an urban observer is not expected to be highly polarized [Kerola, 2006], because the sources of light are distributed around the observer (i.e., the light is uncollimated). An important exception to this generalization is light scattered from the collimated beam of a searchlight, which can be strongly polarized in a clean atmosphere [Können, 1985].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lunar skylight polarization signal polluted by urban lighting

et al. 2011

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[1] On clear moonlit nights, a band of highly polarized light stretches across the sky at a 90 degree angle from the moon, and it was recently demonstrated that nocturnal organisms are able to navigate based on it. Urban skyglow is believed to be almost unpolarized, and is therefore expected to dilute this unique partially linearly polarized signal. We found that urban skyglow has a greater than expected degree of linear polarization (p = 8.6 AE 0.3%), and confirmed that its presence diminishes the natural lunar polarization signal. We also observed that the degree of linear polarization can be reduced as the moon rises, due to the misalignment between the polarization angles of the skyglow and scattered moonlight. Under near ideal observing conditions, we found that the lunar polarization signal was clearly visible (p = 29.2 AE 0.8%) at a site with minimal light pollution 28 km from Berlin's center, but was reduced (p = 11.3 AE 0.3%) within the city itself. Daytime measurements indicate that without skyglow p would likely be in excess of 50%. These results indicate that nocturnal animal navigation systems based on perceiving polarized scattered moonlight likely fail to operate properly in highly lightpolluted areas, and that future light pollution models must take polarization into account.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lunar skylight polarization signal polluted by urban lighting

et al. 2011

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“…A first-order guess about the anthropogenic contribution to the brightness of the night sky at any given point on Earth begins with a determination of the sources of light on the ground; when paired with a radiative transfer model describing how that light propagates through the Earth's atmosphere [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], one can infer the amount of scattered light seen toward the zenith.…”

Section: Remote Sensing Of Upward Radiancementioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Assessment and Monitoring of Light Pollution around Ecologically Sensitive Sites

Barentine

2019

J. Imaging

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Since the introduction of electric lighting over a century ago, and particularly in the decades following the Second World War, indications of artificial light on the nighttime Earth as seen from Earth orbit have increased at a rate exceeding that of world population growth during the same period. Modification of the natural photic environment at night is a clear and imminent consequence of the proliferation of anthropogenic light at night into outdoor spaces, and with this unprecedented change comes a host of known and suspected ecological consequences. In the past two decades, the conservation community has gradually come to view light pollution as a threat requiring the development of best management practices. Establishing those practices demands a means of quantifying the problem, identifying polluting sources, and monitoring the evolution of their impacts through time. The proliferation of solid-state lighting and the changes to source spectral power distribution it has brought relative to legacy lighting technologies add the complication of color to the overall situation. In this paper, I describe the challenge of quantifying light pollution threats to ecologically-sensitive sites in the context of efforts to conserve natural nighttime darkness, assess the current state of the art in detection and imaging technology as applied to this realm, review some recent innovations, and consider future prospects for imaging approaches to provide substantial support for darkness conservation initiatives around the world.

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“…Furthermore, the polarization characteristics in low-light scenarios differ from those in daytime scenarios [20,21]. The outdoor light source during the day is primarily sunlight, which exhibits strong polarization characteristics after being scattered by the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-Based Two-Stage Image Dehazing in a Low-Light Environment

Zhang,

Wang,

Yan

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Fog, as a common weather condition, severely affects the visual quality of images. Polarization-based dehazing techniques can effectively produce clear results by utilizing the atmospheric polarization transmission model. However, current polarization-based dehazing methods are only suitable for scenes with strong illumination, such as daytime scenes, and cannot be applied to low-light scenes. Due to the insufficient illumination at night and the differences in polarization characteristics between it and sunlight, polarization images captured in a low-light environment can suffer from loss of polarization and intensity information. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage low-light image dehazing method based on polarization. We firstly construct a polarization-based low-light enhancement module to remove noise interference in polarization images and improve image brightness. Then, we design a low-light polarization dehazing module, which combines the polarization characteristics of the scene and objects to remove fog, thereby restoring the intensity and polarization information of the scene and improving image contrast. For network training, we generate a simulation dataset for low-light polarization dehazing. We also collect a low-light polarization hazy dataset to test the performance of our method. Experimental results indicate that our proposed method can achieve the best dehazing effect.

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Modelling artificial night-sky brightness with a polarized multiple scattering radiative transfer computer code

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Lunar skylight polarization signal polluted by urban lighting

Lunar skylight polarization signal polluted by urban lighting

Methods for Assessment and Monitoring of Light Pollution around Ecologically Sensitive Sites

Polarization-Based Two-Stage Image Dehazing in a Low-Light Environment

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