Modelling flow resistance in vegetated streams: review and development of new theory

Green, Julian C.

doi:10.1002/hyp.5564

Cited by 173 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The nuisance threshold will depend on the characteristics of the macrophyte species (e.g. flexibility), minimum flow capacity requirement of the water system at a specific time, pattern of the vegetation in the aquatic system and the bottom morphology of the waterway (Green 2005;Vereecken et al 2006;Bal et al 2011). Modelling indicated increased flow resistance at vegetation blockage of a channel of more than 50% (for details and model conditions, see : Green 2005).…”

Section: Thresholds For Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summarising, a PVI of 50% appears to be a good starting point threshold level at above which macrophytes will cause hydrological problems in our case study. It should be noted that the spatial pattern of the vegetation influences the resistance it will inflict on water flow (Green 2005;Vereecken et al 2006;Bal et al 2011). Furthermore, plant fragments can also easily clog pipes and pumps used for cooling water or irrigation (Richardson 2008).…”

Section: Thresholds For Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classifying nuisance submerged vegetation depending on ecosystem services

Verhofstad

Bakker

2017

Limnology

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Throughout the world, mass development of native and non-native submerged macrophytes leads to nuisance problems for humans. However, often neither the type of nuisance nor the characteristics of nuisance vegetation have been uniformly quantified, leaving nuisance vegetation as a largely unsubstantiated qualification. The lack of a consensus about when submerged plants cause nuisance hampers comparative research on the environmental conditions leading to nuisance. Furthermore, defining and evaluating management goals to reduce nuisance caused by submerged plants are not possible when characteristics of the nuisance vegetation remain unquantified. In this study, we performed a literature review and gathered stakeholder information to identify (1) which problems are caused by nuisance submerged macrophytes, (2) which plant characteristics underlie 'nuisance' and (3) and which species cause nuisance. We (4) synthesised this information into a framework to classify submerged vegetation as either 'nuisance' or 'non-nuisance' using a case study to illustrate the principles. We found that most nuisance problems that affect human use of the ecosystem can be grouped into problems for boat traffic, swimming, fishing and hydrological functioning of the system. Additionally, a multitude of ecological effects have also been reported, but these were outside of the scope of this study. Vegetation cover and canopy depth below the water surface are the main determinant characters for nuisance. Therefore, both invasive and native eutrophilic species with a vertical growth strategy are particularly problematic, but other species can also cause nuisance.

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Section: Thresholds For Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thresholds For Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying nuisance submerged vegetation depending on ecosystem services

Verhofstad

Bakker

2017

Limnology

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“…Email: stephan.creelle@ugent.be and water depths is improving. Nevertheless, more insight is needed, particularly when the plants are randomly distributed within the channel (Green 2005). To this end, a great amount of field data from different flow and vegetation conditions is necessary to validate and calibrate such models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of large-scale particle image velocimetry to acquire free-surface flow fields in vegetated rivers

Creëlle

Roldan

Herremans

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research

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The reliability of large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) methodology to measure a 2D surface velocity field in a vegetated lowland stream is evaluated. To this end, measurements of the free-surface flow field obtained with LSPIV are compared with measurements with an electromagnetic current meter (ECM) close to the surface at four different locations. The measurements were performed monthly, allowing the evaluation of the LSPIV measurements in relation to different vegetated conditions. The difference observed between the mean velocities measured with ECM and LSPIV remains low in winter, whereas an increase is observed in summer. Inappropriate particle seeding density and unsteadiness of the flow are the main sources of LSPIV reliability reduction. Nonetheless, the seasonal average frequency of reliable LSPIV measurements is 97%, 95% and 78% in winter, spring and summer, respectively. The results illustrate that LSPIV is an inexpensive methodology, which provides high-resolution and reliable data to study the flow-field distribution in vegetated rivers, provided some considerations are taken into account to deal with the added complexity of the vegetation presence and the field conditions.

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“…This turbulence is directly linked to the water velocity and decreases when the stream water flows through patches of submerged vegetation (HAMILTON and MITCHELL, 1996;KRISTENSEN et al, 1992;SCHULTZ et al, 2003;WHARTON et al, 2006). The decrease in turbulence reduces sediment re-suspension by water flow (FONSECA and CAHALAN, 1992;GREEN, 2005 and references therein). As a result, fine particles (< 1 mm) are more likely to settle in and just downstream of macrophyte stands (SCHULTZ et al, 2003), suspended matter sedimentation is enhanced and water turbidity decreases HORPPILA and NURMINEN, 2003;MADSEN et al, 2001;PETTICREW and KALFF, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies about the impact of macrophytes on flow have been carried out to determine the potential for them to cause flooding (GREEN, 2005 and references therein). The link between the hydrodynamic effect and possible trapping of fine particles has been less extensively developed (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Macrophytes on Flow Conditions and Deposition of Suspended Particles in Small Streams: an Experimental Study Using Artificial Vegetation

Rolland

Haury

Marmonier

et al. 2015

rseau

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Résumé de l'articleRésuméLa présence de macrophytes dans le lit d'un cours d'eau est souvent déterminante, car elle influence les conditions d'écoulement. En effet, les macrophytes sont souvent considérés comme des organismes ingénieurs qui modifient l'environnement aquatique par leur structure physique et leur activité métabolique. Le rôle des macrophytes aquatiques sur la sédimentation des matières en suspension a été étudié dans trois petits cours d'eau peu profonds en Bretagne (France). Les expériences de terrain ont été effectuées en avril 2007 en utilisant des macrophytes artificiels ressemblant à Callitriche et des pièges à sédiments cylindriques positionnés dans les cours d'eau. Les caractéristiques hydrodynamiques (profil de vitesse, taux de décroissance de la vitesse, turbulences), le taux de sédimentation, les caractéristiques granulométriques et le contenu en matière organique particulaire des sédiments piégés dans les macrophytes ont été mesurés et comparés aux témoins. Les macrophytes artificiels se sont comportés comme des pièges à sédiments en modifiant localement les paramètres hydrodynamiques. La sédimentation de particules fines dans les macrophytes atteint des valeurs maximales lorsque la vitesse du courant peut être efficacement ralentie, c'est-à-dire lorsque la vitesse initiale est faible (inférieur à 0,5 2 0 1 1 m·s 1) et la profondeur suffisamment faible pour que la plante occupe tout le volume de la colonne d'eau. Dans le cas contraire, la turbulence générée au voisinage des macrophytes induit une resuspension des particules fines et uniquement les particules grossières sont piégées. Cette étude montre l'importance des valeurs de seuil à l'échelle locale et l'effet très dynamique des macrophytes sur les caractéristiques d'écoulement dans les petits cours d'eau peu profonds. EFFECT OF MACROPHYTES ON FLOW CONDITIONS AND DEPOSITION OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN SMALL STREAMS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING ARTIFICIAL VEGETATION ABSTRACTAquatic macrophytes are often the dominant element that influences flow conditions within streams, and are often considered as ecosystem engineers that modify their aquatic environment as a result of their physical structure and metabolic activity. The role of aquatic macrophytes on suspended matter sedimentation was studied in three shallow low-order streams in Brittany (North-western France). Field experiments were carried out in April 2007 using Callitrichelike artificial macrophytes and cylindrical sediment traps dug into the channels. Hydrodynamic characteristics (velocity profile, percentage of velocity decrease and turbulence), volume of trapped sediment, particle size characteristics, and total organic matter content were measured within the macrophytes and compared with the control traps. The aquatic macrophytes operated as sediment traps by modifying the local hydrodynamic parameters. Sedimentation of fine suspended particles within the macrophytes reached maximum values when the velocity was significantly reduced, i.e. when the initial velocity was low ...

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Modelling flow resistance in vegetated streams: review and development of new theory

Cited by 173 publications

References 33 publications

Classifying nuisance submerged vegetation depending on ecosystem services

Classifying nuisance submerged vegetation depending on ecosystem services

Validation of large-scale particle image velocimetry to acquire free-surface flow fields in vegetated rivers

Effect of Macrophytes on Flow Conditions and Deposition of Suspended Particles in Small Streams: an Experimental Study Using Artificial Vegetation

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