Modelling groundwater level dynamics under different cropping systems and developing groundwater neutral systems in the North China Plain

Liang, Hao; Qin, Wei; Hu, Kelin; Tao, Hongbing; Li, Baoguo

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2018.11.022

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Adjustment and optimization of cropping systems could be an effective strategy to mitigate groundwater depletion and reduce N input to ensure sustainable food production [8][9][10][11]. Alternative cropping systems include spring maize monoculture [12,13], a 2-year system of winter wheat/summer maize-spring maize [11] or double maize cropping systems [14] to allow replenishment of soil water reserves and fertility. Peanut has significant beneficial effects on subsequent crops in rotation with its inherent capacity for symbiotic atmospheric nitrogen fixation and considerable economic return, making it a valuable alternative crop in cropping structure adjustment [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the policy of "fallow in winter wheat season and rainfed in rainy season", which aimed to reduce the winter wheat planting area [12,17], the cultivated area of spring peanut (or early sowing peanut, planting during early April to late May) increased steadily. Contrast to the fixed sowing dates (5 June to 20 June, planting after winter wheat) of summer peanut, spring peanut can be planted over a considerable part of the season under suitable conditions in the NCP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) Simulation of Spring Peanut Management in the North China Plain

et al. 2019

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Spring peanut is a valuable alternative crop to mitigate water scarcity caused by excessive water use in conventional cropping systems in the North China Plain (NCP). In the present study, we evaluated the capability of the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to predict spring peanut response to sowing dates and seeding rates in order to optimize sowing dates, seeding rates, and irrigation regimes. Data used for calibration and validation of the model included leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (ABIOM), and pod yield data collected from a field experiment of nine sowing dates and seeding rate combinations conducted from 2017 to 2018. The calibrated model was then used to simulate peanut yield responses to extended sowing dates (5 April to 4 June with a 5-day interval) and seeding rates (15 plants m −2 to 50 plants m −2 with a 5 plants m −2 interval) using 38 years of weather data as well as yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and water stress days under different irrigation regimes (rainfed, one irrigation before planting (60 mm) or at flowering (60 mm), and two irrigation with one time before planting and one time at flowering (60 mm each time) or at pod set (60 mm each time)). Results show that the model satisfactorily simulates pod yield of peanut based on R 2 = 0.70, index of agreement (d value) being 0.80 and percent bias (PBIAS) values ≤4%. Moreover, the model performed reasonably well in predicting the emergence, LAI and ABIOM, with a R 2 = 0.86, d = 0.95 and PBIAS = 8% for LAI and R 2 = 0.90, d = 0.97 and PBIAS = 1% for ABIOM, respectively. Simulation results indicate that the best combination of sowing dates and seeding rates is a density of 35-40 plants m −2 and dates during early-May to mid-May due to the influence of local climate and canopy structure to the growth and yield of peanut. Under the optimal sowing date and plant density, an irrigation depth of 60 mm during flowering gave a pod yield (5.6 t ha −1 ) and ET (464 mm), which resulted in the highest water use efficiency (12.1 kg ha −1 mm −1 ). The APEX model is capable of assessing the effects of management practices on the growth and yield of peanut. Sowing 35-40 plants m −2 during early-May to mid-May with 60 mm irrigation depth is the recommended agronomic practice for peanut production in the water-constrained NCP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) Simulation of Spring Peanut Management in the North China Plain

et al. 2019

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“…The well-planned crop substitutions include incorporating variations in the number of harvests per year (e.g., incorporating a single harvest of spring maize into wheat-maize rotations) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] , the food crop species involved in rotations (dual maize cropping 27,29 , winter wheat-based double croppings 30 , and spring maize-based rotations 31 ), and the end use of the rotated crops (e.g., grain, cash, forage, or bioenergy) 8,32 . Combined with crop model simulations (with e.g., APSIM 6,9,[33][34][35][36] , WHCNS 37 , and SWAP-WOFOST 38 ), these studies have generally shown that alternative crop rotations can significantly reduce annual actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) compared to the conventional wheat-maize system. However, most of these studies have stopped short of exploring the consequences for sustainable groundwater use, with only a few of the studies reporting net groundwater use (i.e., recharge minus irrigation) 6,27,28,[36][37][38][39][40] .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined with crop model simulations (with e.g., APSIM 6,9,[33][34][35][36] , WHCNS 37 , and SWAP-WOFOST 38 ), these studies have generally shown that alternative crop rotations can significantly reduce annual actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) compared to the conventional wheat-maize system. However, most of these studies have stopped short of exploring the consequences for sustainable groundwater use, with only a few of the studies reporting net groundwater use (i.e., recharge minus irrigation) 6,27,28,[36][37][38][39][40] . Meanwhile, the potential benefits of alternative cropping systems for reversing groundwater depletion and achieving economic and food security co-benefits are also not broadly recognized and remain understudied.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study identified that reducing the cropping index-ranging from 2 for the intensive wheatmaize system to 1 for single cropping systems-introducing fallow periods, and alternating complementary crop types between intensive wheat-maize rotations can help to balance groundwater drawdown, food production, and the economic output of agriculture in the NCP. Indeed, previous studies in the NCP have indicated that adopting a fallow season could mitigate declining groundwater levels while maintaining yield 6,35,37 . Modified wheat-maize-based rotations with three harvests in two years, single-species continuous cropping, and perennial crops reduced annual ET a by 10-54% compared to conventional wheat-maize.…”

Section: Towards More Sustainable Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production

Yang

Steenhuis

Davis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Earth’s water resources are critical for supporting livelihoods and food security but are being increasingly overexploited to support global agriculture. Diversifying cropping systems could potentially resolve unsustainable water use but trade-offs with other aspects of sustainability and food security have not yet been assessed. We perform a detailed meta-analysis to systematically compare 31 different crop rotations in China– in terms of actual evapotranspiration (ETa), effect on groundwater depth, grain yield, economic output, and water use efficiency (WUE) – and identify configurations that can achieve co-benefits across multiple dimensions. We find that a combination of lowering the cropping index (i.e., harvest frequency), incorporating fallow periods, and introducing higher value crops into the currently dominant winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system can reduce growing season ETa by as much as 31%, mitigate groundwater decline by 19% or more, and increased economic output and economic WUE by more than 11% and 3%, respectively. We also find that multiple diversified wheat-maize–based rotations– all with rotation lengths greater than two years– achieve co-benefits across all evaluated dimensions. This study provides new empirical evidence of the opportunities for diversified crop rotations to balance the multiple objectives of food production, sustainable groundwater use and farmer profitability. Extending this solution to other water-stressed agricultural regions could be an effective strategy in achieving more sustainable food production globally.

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Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production

Yang

Steenhuis

Davis

et al. 2021

Food and Energy Security

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Modelling groundwater level dynamics under different cropping systems and developing groundwater neutral systems in the North China Plain

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) Simulation of Spring Peanut Management in the North China Plain

Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) Simulation of Spring Peanut Management in the North China Plain

Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production

Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production

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