Modelling host–microbiome interactions in organ-on-a-chip platforms

Shin, Yong Cheol; Than, Nam; Min, Soyoun; Shin, Woojung; Kim, Hyun Jung

doi:10.1038/s44222-023-00130-9

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 215 publications

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“…Biological species can react to environmental stimuli with millisecond motion response, and these responses are mostly generated through soft tissue systems, for example, muscle contraction. From lipid deformation in single-cell bacteria [ 1 ] to multi-muscle contraction in butterfly wing motion [ 2 ], to the bone–muscle system in mammals [ 3 ], nature has provided us with abundant examples of soft actuators. Therefore, we are in an era where complex soft actuation systems are being created, bridging the gap between conventional rigid robotic systems developed during the Industrial Revolution and soft robotics emerging in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators

Wang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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Biological species can walk, swim, fly, jump, and climb with fast response speeds and motion complexity. These remarkable functions are accomplished by means of soft actuation organisms, which are commonly composed of muscle tissue systems. To achieve the creation of their biomimetic artificial counterparts, various biomimetic stimuli-responsive materials have been synthesized and developed in recent decades. They can respond to various external stimuli in the form of structural or morphological transformations by actively or passively converting input energy into mechanical energy. They are the core element of soft actuators for typical smart devices like soft robots, artificial muscles, intelligent sensors and nanogenerators. Significant progress has been made in the development of bioinspired stimuli-responsive materials. However, these materials have not been comprehensively summarized with specific actuation mechanisms in the literature. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in biomimetic stimuli-responsive materials that are instrumental for soft actuators. Firstly, different stimuli-responsive principles for soft actuators are discussed, including fluidic, electrical, thermal, magnetic, light, and chemical stimuli. We further summarize the state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive materials for soft actuators and explore the advantages and disadvantages of using electroactive polymers, magnetic soft composites, photo-thermal responsive polymers, shape memory alloys and other responsive soft materials. Finally, we provide a critical outlook on the field of stimuli-responsive soft actuators and emphasize the challenges in the process of their implementation to various industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators

Wang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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Leveraging Organ‐on‐Chip Models to Investigate Host–Microbiota Dynamics and Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Kaden,

Alonso‐Román,

Stallhofer

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic gastrointestinal disease with drastically increasing incidence rates. Due to its multifactorial etiology, a precise investigation of the pathogenesis is extremely difficult. Although reductionist cell culture models and more complex disease models in animals have clarified the understanding of individual disease mechanisms and contributing factors of IBD in the past, it remains challenging to bridge research and clinical practice. Conventional 2D cell culture models cannot replicate complex host–microbiota interactions and stable long‐term microbial culture. Further, extrapolating data from animal models to patients remains challenging due to genetic and environmental diversity leading to differences in immune responses. Human intestine organ‐on‐chip (OoC) models have emerged as an alternative in vitro model approach to investigate IBD. OoC models not only recapitulate the human intestinal microenvironment more accurately than 2D cultures yet may also be advantageous for the identification of important disease‐driving factors and pharmacological interventions targets due to the possibility of emulating different complexities. The predispositions and biological hallmarks of IBD focusing on host–microbiota interactions at the intestinal mucosal barrier are elucidated here. Additionally, the potential of OoCs to explore microbiota‐related therapies and personalized medicine for IBD treatment is discussed.

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An Intelligent Intestine‐on‐a‐Chip for Rapid Screening of Probiotics with Relief‐Enteritis Function

Wu,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Screening probiotics with specific functions is essential for advancing probiotic research. Current screening methods primarily use animal studies or clinical trials, which are inefficient and costly in terms of time, money, and labor. An intelligent intestine‐on‐a‐chip integrating machine learning (ML) is developed to screen relief‐enteritis functional probiotics. A high‐throughput microfluidic chip combined with environment control systems provides a standardized and scalable intestinal microenvironment for multiple probiotic cocultures. An unsupervised ML‐based score analyzer is constructed to accurately, comprehensively, and efficiently evaluate interactions between 12 Bifidobacterium strains and host cells of the colitis model in the intestine‐on‐a‐chips. The most effective contender, Bifidobacterium longum 3–14, is discovered to relieve intestinal inflammation and enhance epithelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. A distinct advantage of this strategy is that it can intelligently differentiate small therapeutic variations in probiotic strains and prioritize their efficacies, allowing for economical, efficient, accurate functional probiotics screening.

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Modelling host–microbiome interactions in organ-on-a-chip platforms

Cited by 13 publications

References 215 publications

Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators

Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators

Leveraging Organ‐on‐Chip Models to Investigate Host–Microbiota Dynamics and Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

An Intelligent Intestine‐on‐a‐Chip for Rapid Screening of Probiotics with Relief‐Enteritis Function

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