Modelling microwave heating of discrete samples of oil palm kernels

Law, Monica; Liew, E.L.; Chang, Shinan; Chan, Yen San; Leo, C.P.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.009

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…oven heating where a relatively slow heat transfer occurs via conduction or convection from the surface to the inner part of the material. 22 Due to the rapid and efficient heating shown by microwave radiation, it has been used widely in food dehydration, pre-treatment of fresh fruit palm, 23 and waste recovery. 24 In this study, OPS was selected as feedstock to be converted into biochar via an innovative microwave pyrolysis approach without any purging gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in contrast with conventional oven heating where a relatively slow heat transfer occurs via conduction or convection from the surface to the inner part of the material . Due to the rapid and efficient heating shown by microwave radiation, it has been used widely in food dehydration, pre‐treatment of fresh fruit palm, and waste recovery …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

102

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BACKGROUND Oil palm shell (OPS) is a biomass widely available from palm oil mills. Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis (SPMP) was performed to produce carbon‐rich biochar from OPS for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The effect of feedstock amount on the pyrolysis temperature, yield and characteristics of the biochar were investigated. RESULT The amount of feedstock was directly proportional to the final pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis reached a maximum final temperature of 760 °C when ≥300 g of OPS was loaded into the reactor without microwave absorbent. A heating rate of up to 105 °C min−1 was recorded, producing a yield of 40 wt% of biochar at a short processing time of 20 min. The biochar obtained at 700 °C showed relatively low volatile matter (24 wt%), higher fixed carbon content (66 wt%), carbon (78.5 wt%), oxygen (17.7 wt%), a highly porous structure with high BET surface area of 410 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.16 cm3 g−1, and recorded a methylene blue dye adsorption efficiency of 20 mg g−1. CONCLUSION The SPMP approach showed exceptional promise to produce biochar with low H/C ratio (0.5) and O/C ratio (0.2), which indicated a high degree of carbonization and stability of the biochar to act as a durable agent in wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It can be used as a heat source in processes like heating [1][2][3][4][5], drying [6,7], thawing, puffing [8,9], and so on; besides microwave can be also used as an assisting method in other processes like sterilization [10], moist measurement [11], and so on [12]. Compared with the conventional heating process microwave heating has many advantages, such as high heating efficiency, good uniformity, being controllable, easy maintenance, and being environment friendly [13,14]; thus microwave heating process has been applied in plenty of processes in food, nonmetal, and advanced materials industry since the 1950s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Effect on the Temperature Field during Microwave Heating Process

Zhang

2018

Journal of Food Quality

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Aiming at improving the food quality during microwave process, this article mainly focused on the numerical simulation of shape effect, which was evaluated by microwave power absorption capability and temperature distribution uniformity in a single sample heated in a domestic microwave oven. This article only took the electromagnetic field and heat conduction in solid into consideration. The Maxwell equations were used to calculate the distribution of microwave electromagnetic field distribution in the microwave cavity and samples; then the electromagnetic energy was coupled as the heat source in the heat conduction process in samples. Quantitatively, the power absorption capability and temperature distribution uniformity were, respectively, described by power absorption efficiency (PAE) and the statistical variation of coefficient (COV). In addition, we defined the comprehensive evaluation coefficient (CEC) to describe the usability of a specific sample. In accordance with volume or the wave numbers and penetration numbers in the radial and axial directions of samples, they can be classified into different groups. And according to the PAE, COV, and CEC value and the specific need of microwave process, an optimal sample shape and orientation could be decided.

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“…This biomass can be transformed into combustible gas by subjecting it to gasification process [7]. Palm Kernel oil is another by-product of palm oil production process, which exhibits high oxidative stability that differentiates itself from other commercial oils [8]. Many authors have estimated irreversibilities in extraction processes of palm and palm kernel oils, as well as hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-aided exergy analysis of a palm based-biorefinery for producing palm oil, kernel oil and hydrogen

Arteaga-Díaz¹,

Gonzalez-Diaz²,

Ojeda-Delgado³

et al. 2018

ces

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Palm oil is extracted from fruits of African palm (Elaeis guineensis), which has gain attention as raw material for the production of a huge amount of products in food and cosmetic industry. However, wastes of energy in extraction stage has limited its applicability. This work aims on identifying the major exergy sinks (related to higher useful energy losses) through first and second law of thermodynamics in the production process of palm oil, palm kernel oil and hydrogen. Simulation was performed in a commercial process simulation software, in which physical and chemical exergies of the species involved were quantified. The results showed a production rate of 5.07 t/h of palm oil, 0.5078 t / h of palm kernel oil and 6.8263 t/ h of hydrogen, as well as 0.739 t/h of animal feed from 30 t/h of palm bunches. An overall exergy efficiency of 38% was obtained, while the process of hydrogen separation had the lowest efficiency percentage (0.0078%). For increasing overall exergy efficiency of palm refinery, it is proposed a cleaning treatment to condensation streams leaving the sterilizing stage and its use as dilution water for settling stage.

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Modelling microwave heating of discrete samples of oil palm kernels

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Shape Effect on the Temperature Field during Microwave Heating Process

Computer-aided exergy analysis of a palm based-biorefinery for producing palm oil, kernel oil and hydrogen

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