Modelling migration of substances from polymers into drinking water. Part 2 – Partition coefficient estimations

Effects of Different Microplastics on Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Tracking the Extractable Additives Using an Ecotoxicological Approach

“…The higher the ethanol content, the more effective the migration of organic chemicals from plastics to the solution. Although the K D value depends on the properties of target chemical migrants and plastics, − we believe that, as a general rule, ethanol can promote the migration of apolar additives because it is less polar than water. For example, K LDPE/95% ethanol at 60 °C is 775 times lower than that in 50% ethanol at the same temperature, and K 95% ethanol/PET at 20 °C is 3–4 times higher than that in water .…”

Multifaceted Aquatic Environmental Differences between Nanoplastics and Microplastics: Behavior and Fate

“…Plastic bags made of PE and PVC have been experimentally shown to leach PAE into the environment, 93 and computational simulations have similarly illustrated leaching of additives from a range of polyolefin materials into the water, so it is not difficult to infer that MPs and NPs will similarly leach their contents into the environment. 94,95 There are a number of factors that affect the leaching of additives from plastic particles, and the size of the plastics is one of the most important. This is because smaller plastics have a larger specific surface area and shorter diffusion paths, which means that the additives of smaller plastics can be leached through a greater number of choices and over shorter distances, making it easier to leach the additives.…”

“…Chemically, plastic particles are complex chemical mixtures of one or more polymers, supplemented by additives such as plasticizers, flame retardants, stabilizers, antioxidants, etc., containing unreacted monomers, unintentionally added impurities and byproducts. , Since these substances are not covalently bound to the polymer, this means that plastic particles will gradually leach out their own additives when present in the aquatic environment. , Common leaching substances include bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAE) used as plasticizers, which make plastic particles a persistent source of a wide range of organics in the aquatic environment. Plastic bags made of PE and PVC have been experimentally shown to leach PAE into the environment, and computational simulations have similarly illustrated leaching of additives from a range of polyolefin materials into the water, so it is not difficult to infer that MPs and NPs will similarly leach their contents into the environment. , There are a number of factors that affect the leaching of additives from plastic particles, and the size of the plastics is one of the most important. This is because smaller plastics have a larger specific surface area and shorter diffusion paths, which means that the additives of smaller plastics can be leached through a greater number of choices and over shorter distances, making it easier to leach the additives. , For leaching of di- n -butyl phthalate (DBP) from PVC plastics with different particle sizes, the equilibrium concentration and the pseudo-first-order model rate constant of leaching were both lower for large-size PVCMPs with a diameter of 5 mm compared to small-size MPs with a diameter of 100 μm, which suggests that the contact of plastic particles with water at a higher specific surface area will further lead to polymer dissolution and provide more sites for DBP leaching .…”