Modelling of Alditol Impurity Incorporation into Galactitol Crystals

Meadhra, R.Ó.; Lin, Ruohui

doi:10.1205/cherd.05044

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Actually, incorporation of impurities into the crystal lattice through molecular substitution seems to be the most common mechanism of impurity contamination [8,9]. Thermodynamic factors may allow the co-crystallization of an impurity, which, especially when the crystallization process is slow, is governed by equilibrium concentration conditions.…”

Section: Crystals In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization of zinc lactate in presence of malic acid

Zhang¹,

Févotte²,

Zhong³

et al. 2010

Journal of Crystal Growth

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International audiencehe influence of malic acid, which acts as an impurity on the cooling crystallization of zinc lactate is investigated in this paper by monitoring the relative supersaturation and the number of crystals during crystallization. The presence of malic acid increases the solution solubility and makes the metastable zone wider; it also changes the habit of the crystal. The purity of the final products is shown to be influenced by the amount and size of seed crystals, cooling rate, seeding temperature and final temperature, but appears to depend mainly on the particle size and level of supersaturation. Residual supersaturation thresholds are observed that depend on the final temperature. A model is proposed to predict the steady-state supersaturation value from the final temperature at a given impurity concentration. This model is based on Kubota and Gibbs equations

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Section: Crystals In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eqs. (9) and (10) lead to the following expression of the final steady-state relative supersaturation…”

Section: Temperature-dependency Of the Yield Of Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of zinc lactate in presence of malic acid

Zhang¹,

Févotte²,

Zhong³

et al. 2010

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…Solubility of galactitol in water can serve as a good example being approximately twenty times lower than solubility of sorbitol at temperatures between 15 and 100°C (see Fig. 13) 53 .The differences in properties of these stereoisomers can be attributed to conformational differences in chirality of these molecules. Sorbitol has a strong 1,3-nonbonded interaction between C 2 and C 4 hydroxyl groups being in zig-zag conformation, which destabilize it by 6.28 kJ/mol, and four 1,3-syn-axial interactions (two between C 3 oxygen and C 1 and C 5 hydrogens, and one between C 5 oxygen and C 6 hydrogen), which additionally destabilize this conformation by 7.53 kJ/mol 54 .…”

Section: Influence Of Stereoselectivity and Possible Reaction Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Figure 13. Solubility of alditols according to Kroschwitz and Howe-Grant equation 53 .…”

Section: Influence Of Stereoselectivity and Possible Reaction Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Phase Reforming of Industrially Relevant Sugar Alcohols with Different Chiralities

et al. 2015

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The influence of substrate chirality was studied in the aqueous phase reforming (APR) over Pt/Al 2 O 3 in a continuous fixed-bed reactor at 225°C. Two epimeric sugar alcohols namely sorbitol and galactitol were used for performance comparison. For the very first time galactitol was used in the APR process. The reliability of the liquid-phase products analysis was considerably improved due to application of a spiking technique for qualitative analysis and subsequent peak fitting for quantification. A detailed analysis of the gas and liquid phases showed almost the same behavior of both polyols, apart from formation of several intermediate oxygenates. This implies that industrially relevant feedstock with different chirality can be efficiently processed in APR, since chirality of the initial substance does not affect the reaction rate and selectivity to the final products. However, the observed difference in the liquid phase composition should be considered, because the catalyst should be active in conversion of both polyols and oxygenates. Finally, possible reaction pathways were proposed and discussed from the thermodynamic point of view.

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“…Much has been done to elucidate the relevant phenomena. For example, the amount of inclusion impurity inside the crystal is closely tied to particle size, growth rate, and agglomeration rate, which in turn are affected by operating variables, such as crystallization temperature, cooling rate, stirring rate, and presence of surfactant 1–5. The degree of impurity removal is dependent on the wash ratio in washing and the pressure difference in deliquoring 6, 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workflow for managing impurities in an integrated crystallization process

Cheng

Lam

et al. 2009

AIChE Journal

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A workflow consisting of experiments, modeling, and synthesis is presented for managing the impurity content in the product crystals of a crystallization process taking into consideration the entire train of crystallization and downstream processing steps. Experiments on solid–liquid equilibrium, impurity inclusion, washing, and deliquoring are designed in such a way that the experimental data or the model parameters derived from these data can be readily used for process design. Guidelines for experimental design and tradeoffs in process synthesis are discussed. The workflow is illustrated using the purification of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) as a case study. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010

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Modelling of Alditol Impurity Incorporation into Galactitol Crystals

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Crystallization of zinc lactate in presence of malic acid

Crystallization of zinc lactate in presence of malic acid

Aqueous Phase Reforming of Industrially Relevant Sugar Alcohols with Different Chiralities

Workflow for managing impurities in an integrated crystallization process

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