Modelling of Anti‐Tumour Immune Response: Immunocorrective Effect of Weak Centimetre Electromagnetic Waves

Abstract

We formulate the dynamical model for the anti-tumour immune response based on intercellular cytokine-mediated interactions with the interleukin-2 (IL-2) taken into account. The analysis shows that the expression level of tumour antigens on antigen presenting cells has a distinct influence on the tumour dynamics. At low antigen presentation, a progressive tumour growth takes place to the highest possible value. At high antigen presentation, there is a decrease in tumour size to some value when the dynamical equilibrium between the tumour and the immune system is reached. In the case of the medium antigen presentation, both these regimes can be realized depending on the initial tumour size and the condition of the immune system. A pronounced immunomodulating effect (the suppression of tumour growth and the normalization of IL-2 concentration) is established by considering the influence of low-intensity electromagnetic microwaves as a parametric perturbation of the dynamical system. This finding is in qualitative agreement with the recent experimental results on immunocorrective effects of centimetre electromagnetic waves in tumour-bearing mice.

Different Strategies for Cancer Treatment: Mathematical Modelling

“…An inclusion of immune component in mathematical models of tumour growth has been shown to reflect clinically observed phenomena such as uncontrolled growth of tumour, tumour dormancy and oscillations in tumour size [1,8,11,12,16,24,25,44,47]. A similar tumour behaviour was also predicted in our recent ODE model [22] with the interleukine-2 (IL-2) taken into account.…”

“…As is shown in our previous work [22], possible scenarios of tumour-immune dynamics are very sensitive to the choice of the parameters in Equations (1)- (5). In fact the parameter sets vary not only for specific cancer types but also from one individual to another.…”

“…In this paper, we extend our model [22] to describe chemo-and immunotherapy effects. The outline of the paper is as follows.…”

Photodynamic therapy influence on anti-cancer immunity

“…In this case, it is appropriate to use the parameter set M2 from Ref. 5. For convenience let us divide the parameters into two groups: system and therapeutic parameters.…”

“…To this end, in this paper we consider the effects of photodynamic therapy within our mathematical model of anti-cancer immune response suggested in Ref. 5, which is extended here to take into account angiogenesis and spatial inhomogeneity.…”