“…IPD by Andreasen and Hein (2000) highlighted the importance of the production preparation phase in proving the producibility of a product. Literature on production preparation focuses on technical production preparation tools such as computer-aided design, process planning and manufacturing (CAD/CAM/CAPP), product lifecycle management (PLM), computer-based design for manufacturing, methods-time measurement analysis and enterprise resource management (ERP) tools (Duda, 2020;Lukić et al, 2010;Markov et al, 2021). Lean-3P is a production preparation approach that allows for product and production development concurrently and is used as a production tool (Coletta, 2012;Ramakrishnan and Testani, 2011).…”