“…Among them, in terms of writing coupled seepage-soil deformation model, Wu and Vanapalli [4] developed five user material subroutines (USDFLD, UMAT, UMATHT, UEXPAN, FRIC) in ABAQUS, which were used for accessing and transmitting the stress and strain, and for calculating the stress-deflection, hydraulic behavior, expansive strains and pile-soil interface behavior, respectively. In terms of defining the wetswelling characteristics, IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1330/1/012055 2 Shams and other scholars [5,6] considered the total strain of the soil as a superposition of the bulk variation due to moisture change and effective stress change, and defined soil as an elastic porous medium with wet swelling characteristic in order to study the structural deformation in expansive soils.…”