Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems

Abstract

This article deals with options for how to express the luminous flux from outdoor electrical substations of the electric transmission system. Processing of the models of light emissions before and after refurbishment of lighting systems was motivated by setting out rules for the design and erection of refurbished lighting systems in outdoor electrical substations, which are most commonly built in inhabited rural areas with low luminance of the background. The proposed model and calculations are based on requirements of international standards and recommendations for lighting of outdoor workplaces as well as on internal regulations of the ČEPS (Czech Transmission System Operator). These requirements are implemented in real electrical substations and lighting models that are extended by the calculation space of the software goniophotometer. The software goniophotometer was used to evaluate light distribution characteristics of entire electric stations in various situations. This article assesses the impact of different lighting systems installed at electrical substations from the perspective of both direct and total luminous flux directed to the upper hemisphere. It takes into account three outdoor electrical substations (420 kV) of a transmission network and their lighting systems before and after refurbishment. The aim of this article is to determine to what extent the electrical substations contribute to emissions of luminous flux to the upper hemisphere. Results from calculations on models show reduced radiation to the upper hemisphere up to 52.3% after refurbishment of obsolete lighting systems, although total installed flux actually increased due to a change in the ratio of direct and reflected luminous flux after refurbishment of lighting systems.

The Effect of Spill Light on Street Lighting Energy Efficiency and Light Pollution

“…The influence of incorrect luminous flux spatial distribution on energy efficiency is mentioned, for example, in the case study of Comiso, Italy [29], but without a proposal for its evaluation. Software goniophotometer was developed [30] as a tool for luminous flux distribution analysis based on general luminous intensity distribution characteristics of the city simulation, which is a computationally intensive method.…”