Modelling of reinforcement corrosion – Investigations on the influence of shrinkage and creep on the development of concrete cracking in the early propagation stage of reinforcement corrosion

Reinforcement corrosion might lead to cracking and spalling of the concrete cover owing to the volume expansion associated with the deposition of some of the possible corrosion products. This is not only aesthetically unpleasing, it might also accelerate deterioration processes or become a safety issue for passing traffic. The present paper discusses first the mechanisms of carbonation‐ and chloride‐induced reinforcement corrosion and considers the chemistry of aqueous iron in order to identify the type of corrosion products as well as their location of formation. Furthermore, practical examples are summarised in order to compare the documented behaviour of a number of real structures with the theoretical considerations made. It is shown that for the case of purely chloride‐induced (pitting) corrosion, precipitation of corrosion products is strongly delayed or may even not occur. Implications are discussed with respect to time‐to‐corrosion prediction models and visual inspection of reinforced concrete structures. Both the theoretical considerations and the practical experience illustrate that relying on outwardly visible signs to detect internally on‐going corrosion must be done with caution if localised reinforcement corrosion cannot be excluded.

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“…Refs. 5–12. These approaches are commonly based on a schematic assumption of circular rust layer formation around the reinforcement bar (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete cover cracking owing to reinforcement corrosion – theoretical considerations and practical experience

Angst

Elsener

Jamali

et al. 2012

Materials & Corrosion

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“…The average roughness values of the surface of each group of concrete samples were lower than 1/3 of the maximum indentation depth, which was sufficient to eliminate the influence of roughness on the nanoindentation test data. According to the relevant studies [ 35 ], mean square roughness can succinctly control the difference in indentation depth, and it is widely used and recognized.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of NaOH on the Micro-Mechanical Properties of the Interface Transition Zone in Low-Carbon Concrete

Li,

Wang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Materials

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To tackle carbon emissions from cement production and address the decline in concrete’s mechanical properties due to the substitution of cement with solid waste (glass powder) and natural mineral admixture (zeolite powder) materials, we employed glass powder and zeolite powder to create composite cementitious materials. These materials underwent alkali activation treatment with a 4% NaOH dosage, replacing 50% of cement to produce low-carbon concrete. Nanoindentation tests and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were employed to uncover the micro-mechanical properties and influencing mechanisms of alkali-activated low-carbon concrete. The results indicate a notable enhancement in the indentation modulus (19.9%) and hardness (25.9%) of alkali-activated low-carbon concrete compared to non-activated concrete. Simultaneously, the interfacial transition zone thickness decreased by 10 µm. The addition of NaOH led to a reduced volume fraction of pores (diameter >100 nm) and an increased fraction of pores (diameter < 100 nm), thereby reducing porosity by 2.6%, optimizing the pore structure of low-carbon concrete. The indentation modulus, hardness and volume fraction of the hydrated phase derived from Gaussian fitting analysis of the nanoindentation statistics showed that NaOH significantly improved the modulus and hardness of the hydration products of low-carbon concrete. This activation resulted in decreased LDC-S-H gel (low-density hydrated calcium silicate Ca5Si6O16(OH)·4H2O) and pore content, while the HD C-S-H gel (high-density hydrated calcium silicate Ca5Si6O16(OH)·4H2O) and CH (calcium hydroxide crystals Ca(OH)2) content increased by 13.91% and 23.46%, respectively. Consequently, NaOH influenced the micro-mechanical properties of low-carbon concrete by generating more high-density hydration products, reducing pore content, enhancing the pore indentation modulus and hardness, and shortening the interfacial transition zone. This study offers novel insights into reducing carbon emissions and promoting the use of solid waste (glass powder) and natural mineral admixture (zeolite powder) materials in concrete, contributing to the advancement of sustainable construction practices.

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“…Two kinds of such models have been tested: the Mazars' damage model [13] formulated in an integral non-local framework, and an elasto-plastic model using the Hillerborg's fracture energy based regularization technique (Ottosen model). The effect of concrete shrinkage and creep could be coupled with this model, as it is the case by Bohner and Müller [14]. For the reinforcements, since no plasticity is expected, a simple linear elastic material model is used.…”

Section: Modelling the Mechanical Consequences Of Rebar Corrosion On mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the corrosion‐induced cracking of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the atmosphere

L’Hostis

Millard

Perrin

et al. 2011

Materials & Corrosion

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The prediction of concrete cracking due to corrosion in atmospheric/carbonated conditions is a major issue for the evaluation of the durability of structures and the choice of maintenance policies. Because of the complexity of the phenomenon, a fully predictive approach is still missing. The proposed work can be considered as one step in this direction. It deals with a modelling study achieved at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) with the CAST3M finite elements software. Model is constituted of three components: (1) concrete hydric behaviour, (2) rebar corrosion and (3) mechanical consequences on concrete (mainly concrete cracking). Actual developments consider analogies between rebar corrosion mechanisms and atmospheric corrosion ones, assuming that corrosion processes are influenced by the relative humidity evolution of atmosphere and/or of concrete.

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Modelling of reinforcement corrosion – Investigations on the influence of shrinkage and creep on the development of concrete cracking in the early propagation stage of reinforcement corrosion

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Concrete cover cracking owing to reinforcement corrosion – theoretical considerations and practical experience

Concrete cover cracking owing to reinforcement corrosion – theoretical considerations and practical experience

The Impact of NaOH on the Micro-Mechanical Properties of the Interface Transition Zone in Low-Carbon Concrete

Modelling the corrosion‐induced cracking of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the atmosphere

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