Modelling of Release of Gas From High-Pressure Pipelines

Sand, Ivar Øyvind; Sjøen, Karl; Bakke, Jan Roar

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0363(19961115)23:9<953::aid-fld466>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As boundary conditions for each of the regions shown by Figure 2 Some of the considerations used were that the system is in steady state, since the stabilization of the jet occurs in approximately [13], it was also considered that air entry and viscous forces in the expansion zone are negligible [20].…”

Section: Boundary Conditions and Solution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD Verification through comparison with LDP measurements of underexpanded gas leak.

Santolin¹,

Martins²,

Martins³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 19th International Flow Measurement Conference 2022 on Flow Measurement - FLOMEKO 2022

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A numerical model was performed to represent the expansion phenomenon resulting from the leakage of pressurized gases in a pipe using the Ansys Fluent 2021 R1 software. The free underexpanded jet was produced by a nozzle with an outlet diameter of operating at a stagnation pressure and temperature respectively equal to and , being compared with the experiment conducted by Eggins and Jackson (1974) for qualitative (visual analysis) and quantitative validation requirements (through the statistical model proposed by Hanna (1993)). After the validation of the proposed numerical model, some important results can be highlighted, such as the temperature, pressure and velocity profiles, showing important regions, such as the barrel-shaped shock and the transition limit region from Mach to Mach denominated "Mach disk", other important results obtained such as a peak velocity of approximately , the Mach disk position obtained at , a position necessary for the correct plotting of the upstream and downstream velocity profile graphs of the Mach disk. In general, the numerical model managed to meet expectations very well, agreeing with the experiment, it had excellent results for the expected velocity profiles, obtaining maximum average error for each of the compared cases of , and for the worst case, thus validating the proposed numerical model clearly showing the main characteristics of an underexpanded free jet so necessary for leak analysis of pressurized gases.

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Section: Boundary Conditions and Solution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the CFD model produced encouraging results. Sand et al [20] and Novembre et al [21] studied accidental releases of natural gas in high-pressure pipelines. In their work, far-field dispersion was also investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Verification through comparison with LDP measurements of underexpanded gas leak.

Santolin¹,

Martins²,

Martins³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 19th International Flow Measurement Conference 2022 on Flow Measurement - FLOMEKO 2022

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“…Sand et al (Sand et al, 1996) extended the model by Birch et al by including an enthalpy equation and thereby making the unrealistic assumption of recovered temperature at the pseudo source plane unnecessary.…”

Section: Atmospheric Expansion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the consequences of CO2 released from high-pressure pipelines

Liu

Godbole

Lü

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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The development of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technique requires an understanding of the hazards posed by the operation of high-pressure CO 2 pipelines. To allow the appropriate safety precautions to be taken, a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of unplanned CO 2 releases is essential before the deployment of CO 2 pipelines. In this paper, we present models for the predictions of discharge rate, atmospheric expansion and dispersion due to accidental CO 2 releases from high-pressure pipelines. The GERG-2008 Equation of State (EOS) was used in the discharge and expansion models. This enabled more precise 'source strength' predictions. The performance of the discharge and dispersion models was validated against experimental data. Full-bore ruptures of pipelines carrying CO 2 mixtures were simulated using the proposed discharge model. The propagation of the decompression wave in the pipeline and its influence on the release rate are discussed. The effects of major impurities in the CO 2 mixture on the discharge rate were also investigated. Considering typical CO 2 mixtures in the CCS applications, consequence distances for CO 2 pipelines of various sizes at different stagnation pressures were obtained using the dispersion model. In addition, the impact of H2S in a CO 2 mixture was studied and the threshold value of the fraction of H 2 S at the source for which the hazardous effects of H 2 S become significant was obtained. AbstractThe development of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technique requires an understanding of the hazards posed by the operation of high-pressure CO 2 pipelines. To allow the appropriate safety precautions to be taken, a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of unplanned CO 2 releases is essential before the deployment of CO 2 pipelines. In this paper, we present models for the predictions of discharge rate, atmospheric expansion and dispersion due to accidental CO 2 releases from high-pressure pipelines. The GERG-2008 Equation of State (EOS) was used in the discharge and expansion models. This enabled moreprecise 'source strength' predictions. The performance of the discharge and dispersion models was validated against experimental data. Full-bore ruptures of pipelines carrying CO 2 mixtures were simulated using the proposed discharge model. The propagation of the decompression wave in the pipeline and its influence on the release rate are discussed. The effects of major impurities in the CO 2 mixture on the discharge rate were also investigated. Considering typical CO 2 mixtures in the CCS applications, consequence distances for CO 2 pipelines of various sizes at different stagnation pressures were obtained using the dispersion model. In addition, the impact of H 2 S in a CO 2 mixture was studied and the threshold value of the fraction of H 2 S at the source for which the hazardous effects of H 2 S become significant was obtained. Keywords

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“…Furthermore, the time step required for the transient CFD simulation of the jet appears to be in the range of 10 -7 s to 10 -5 s. For an overall CFD model including both the discharge and dispersion domains, the required computing time would be unacceptably long. Therefore the problem was divided into two parts [23,28,29], as shown in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Definition Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the standard k- turbulence model, better agreement with the measurements in the prediction of the velocity profile was achieved by the modified k- model. Sand et al [28] and Novembre et al [29] studied accidental natural gas releases from high-pressure pipelines. In their work, far-field dispersion was also investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source strength and dispersion of CO2 releases from high-pressure pipelines: CFD model using real gas equation of state

et al. 2014

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Transportation of CO2 in high-pressure pipelines forms a crucial link in the ever-increasing application of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies. An unplanned release of CO2 from a pipeline presents a risk to human and animal populations and the environment. Therefore it is very important to develop a deeper understanding of the atmospheric dispersion of CO2 before the deployment of CO2 pipelines, to allow the appropriate safety precautions to be taken. This paper presents a two-stage Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study developed (1) to estimate the source strength, and (2) to simulate the subsequent dispersion of CO2 in the atmosphere, using the source strength estimated in stage (1). The Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS was incorporated into the CFD code. This enabled accurate modelling of the CO2 jet to achieve more precise source strength estimates. The two-stage simulation approach also resulted in a reduction in the overall computing time. The CFD models were validated against experimental results from the British Petroleum (BP) CO2 dispersion trials, and also against results produced by the risk management package Phast. Compared with the measurements, the CFD simulation results showed good agreement in both source strength and dispersion profile predictions. Furthermore, the effect of release direction on the dispersion was studied. The presented research provides a viable method for the assessment of risks associated with CCS.

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Modelling of Release of Gas From High-Pressure Pipelines

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

CFD Verification through comparison with LDP measurements of underexpanded gas leak.

CFD Verification through comparison with LDP measurements of underexpanded gas leak.

Study of the consequences of CO2 released from high-pressure pipelines

Source strength and dispersion of CO2 releases from high-pressure pipelines: CFD model using real gas equation of state

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