Modelling of Ship Originated Exhaust Gas Emissions in the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus)

Abstract

In addition to being one of the largest metropolises in the world, Istanbul is also one of the busiest routes of international maritime transport through the Strait of Istanbul (SoI). Currently, the average number of ships which passes through SoI is approximately 45,000. This number does not increase much due to the natural structure of SoI. So, larger ships with larger tonnages pass through SoI. In addition to the existing transit ship traffic in SoI, ship-based exhaust pollution caused by local maritime traffic adversely affects human health, comfort and the environment. In this study, the exhaust emissions generated by the ships of the local companies transporting in SoI were investigated. In addition, exhaust emissions from ships, one of the most important air pollutant emission sources such as motor vehicles, industrial processes and heating of residences in Istanbul, were calculated and presented. Ship exhaust gas emissions in SoI were calculated based on actual ship movements and ship machinery information using the bottom up method.

Review of total emission of transit Shipsin the Dardanelle which including possible CO2 emission of 1915 Canakkale Bridge

“…Corbett et al [8] analysed the mortality that was caused by emissions. Cohen et al [9], Cofala et al, [10], Wang et al [11], Deniz and Kilic [12], EEA, 2013, Viana et al [13], Bayirhan et al [14], and Tokuslu [15] made studies on these subjects and these studies have emphasized that ship-borne air emissions have harmful impacts on human health and environment and concrete measures should be taken to reduce its` effects. Nevertheless, Kesgin and Vardar [16] published a specific paper about exhaust gas emissions in the staraits of Turkey in 2001.…”

Investigation the effect of sox emission reduction on transit ships emissions as of January 1, 2020

“…A large and growing body of literature has investigated ship emissions. There is a consensus among scientists that ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and SO x have negative health impacts, including asthma, heart attacks, hospital admissions, and premature mortality [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Analyzing the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) performance of a container ship

“…These ship types correspond roughly to the ship classification as defined in MEPC 2011. A large number of existing studies in the broader literature have examined these ships emissions and their port emissions such as; (Buhaug et al, 2009;Endresen et al 2003;Eyring et al, 2009;Corbett et al, 2007;Cohen et al, 2005;Cofala et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Deniz and Kılıç, 2009;EEA, 2013;Viana et al, 2014;Bayirhan et al, 2019;Mersin, 2020) and these studies have emphasized that ship-borne air emissions have harmful impacts on human health and environment and concrete measures should be taken to reduce its` effects. Although there are many studies in ship exhaust gas emissions, the research in the energy efficiency of ships remains limited.…”