Modelling of Supercapacitors Based on Simplified Equivalent Circuit

Abstract

The need for energy storage devices especially in renewable energy applications has increased the use of supercapacitors. Accordingly, several supercapacitor models have been proposed in previous researches. Nevertheless, most of them require an intensive test to obtain the model parameters. These may not be suitable for an initial simulation study, where a simple model based on the datasheet is required to evaluate the system performance before building the hardware prototype. A simplified electrical circuit model for a supercapacitor (SC) based on the voltage-current equation is proposed in this paper to address this issue. This model doesn’t need an intensive test for accuracy. The structural simplicity and decent modelling accuracy make the equivalent electrical circuit model very suitable for power electronic applications and real-time energy management simulations. The parameters of the proposed model can be obtained from the datasheets value with a minimum test requirement. The experimental method to provide the parameters of the supercapacitor equivalent circuit is described. Based on the proposed method, the supercapacitor model is built in Matlab/Simulink, and the characteristics of equivalent series resistance (ESR) measurement and cycle life are compared with datasheets. The simulation results have verified that the proposed model can be applied to simulate the behaviour of the supercapacitor in most energy and power applications for a short time of energy storage. A supercapacitor test circuit is given to test the charge and discharge of supercapacitor modules. The experimental results are suitable for simulation results.

Diagnostics, measurement and control of electrical parameters supercapacitors

“…The carried out theoretical and experimental studies of the frequency dependences of the equivalent capacitance C (ω) and active resistance R (ω) (Fig. 1) show that the determination of the parameters of the elements of the equivalent circuit of supercapacitors is a difficult measurement problem [10,11]. The complexity of the problem lies in the fact that the number n of absorption links RiCi for real supercapacitors is a priori unknown and different.…”

“…The fundamental difference of such components from traditional capacitors is that they do not contain a dielectric, and their super-high electrical capacity is provided by an electric double layer (EDL), which is formed at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte. Therefore, in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], such objects are also called capacitive storage, capacitors with an electric double layer, ion capacitors, as well as supercapacitors.…”

Time-Domain Circuit Modelling for Hybrid Supercapacitors

“…Here, a decrease in the charging time allows a larger number of users to benefit from the sharing service per day, the energy stored in the pack being the same. Several SC models have already been investigated in the literature [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In Table 2 and Figure 1, most of the models available in the literature are summarized.…”

“…Models Commercial Supercap SC Technology [22] (a), (b), (c) -EDLC [23] (a), (b), (c), (d) -EDLC [24] (e) BCAP3000, by Maxwell EDLC [25] (d) 10 F, 2.7 V, by Maxwell EDLC [26] (b) -EDLC [27] (d) BCAP0650 P270, by Maxwell EDLC [28] (c), (d) -EDLC [29] (d) BCAP0350 E270 T11 350 F, by Maxwell EDLC [30] (b) -EDLC [31] (c) -EDLC [32] (d) -EDLC [33] (f) The validity of the models proposed for these previous technologies has not been yet verified for hybrid supercapacitors and is one of the core aspects of this work.…”

“…Commercial Supercap SC Technology [22] (a), (b), (c) -EDLC [23] (a), (b), (c), (d) -EDLC [24] (e) BCAP3000, by Maxwell EDLC [25] (d) 10 F, 2.7 V, by Maxwell EDLC [26] (b) -EDLC [27] (d) BCAP0650 P270, by Maxwell EDLC [28] (c), (d) -EDLC [29] (d) BCAP0350 E270 T11 350 F, by Maxwell EDLC [30] (b) -EDLC [31] (c) -EDLC [32] (d) -EDLC…”