Modelling of the Refining Processes in the Production of Ferrochrome and Stainless Steel

Heikkinen, Eetu‐Pekka; Fabritius, Timo

doi:10.5772/36159

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the temperature above 800 °C, Figs. (12)(13)(14) show that there are apparent differences in the mass loss of the dust samples, although there are no corresponding gases release detected by MS or thermal reactions observed with DSC. This phenomena was observed by other studies [5,24], and related to the volatilization of condensable chlorides of Zn, Pb and K. Mikhail et al [24] [26].…”

Section: Ca(oh) 2 →Cao + H 2 O (1) Caco 3 → Cao + Co 2 (2)mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The ferrochrome converter (CRC) used as intermediate process between SAF and Argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) converter, because its product is a raw material for AOD [11,13]. The raw materials for the CRC process are stainless steel scrap, and molten ferrochrome with high silicon and carbon content from the submerged arc furnace (SAF) of the ferrochrome plant [12].The purpose of a ferrochrome converter (CRC) is to remove silicon and some carbon from molten ferrochrome by blowing oxygen into the melt before the production of stainless steel [11,12].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of steelmaking dust characteristics on suitable recycling process determining: Ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts

Omran

Fabritius

2017

Powder Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please cite this article as: Mamdouh Omran, Timo Fabritius, Effect of steelmaking dust characteristics on suitable recycling process determining: Ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts, Powder Technology (2016), AbstractUtilization of dusts generated from steelmaking industries will avoid disposal of wastes, enhance the use of secondary raw material fines and save costs. Understanding the properties of dust is necessary before determining the suitable recycling method. The present paper describes the chemical, morphological and mineralogical characterization of steelmaking dusts produced in steel plants in Finland. In this paper three different steelmaking dusts: ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace stainless steel (EAFSS) dusts from Outokumpu (Tornio, Finland), and electric arc furnace carbon steel (EAFCS) dust from Ovako (Imatra, Finland) were characterized.The characterization study showed that, the dusts from carbon steelmaking (EAFCS) are rich in zinc, while the dusts from stainless steelmaking (CRC) and (EAFSS) are relatively low in zinc, but richer in chromium. The zinc contents in CRC, EAFSS and EAFCS dusts are 10.83, 19.84 and 35.76 wt.%, respectively, while the chromium contents are 20.88, 3.19 and 0.47 wt.%, respectively.In the dust from CRC, zinc is found as zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO), while in the dusts from EAFSS & EAFCS zinc is found mostly as zinc ferrite (franklinite, ZnFe 2 O 4 ). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations indicated that CRC dust is dominated by non-spherical form and composed mainly of aggregates of irregular particles of chromite, in addition to zincite sphere. EAFSS dust particles are characterized by encapsulation phenomenon, franklinite particles enclosed inside calcium-iron-silicate glass sphere. Manganese (Mn) concentrations shows positive correlation with ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTZn, which suggests the occurrence of Mn mainly with franklinite phase. EAFCS dust is dominated by spherical form, and zinc found as franklinite and zincite. In the large particles > 3 µm of EAFCS dust, franklinite enclosed inside glass sphere, while in finer particles < 1 µm, both zincite and franklinite are existed as spheres.The investigations indicate that steelmaking dusts from CRC, EAFSS, and EAFCS show significant difference in concentration and mode of occurrence of zinc in the dusts, which will influence on determine the suitable processing methods.There are different types of steelmaking dusts generated from steel industries [1, 2], depending on process unit: stainless steel dust, carbon steel dust and ferrochrome dust. These dusts are by-product waste generated by the secondary steelmaking process in an electric arc furnace and considered as a hazardous waste in most industrialized countries [3, 4]. During the melting of scraps in the electric arc furnace (EAF), many components of the charge including iron, zinc, and lead, are volatilized and entered the vapour phase. The dust is formed through the conversion of vapour phases into dust by agglo...

show abstract

Section: Ca(oh) 2 →Cao + H 2 O (1) Caco 3 → Cao + Co 2 (2)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of steelmaking dust characteristics on suitable recycling process determining: Ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts

Omran

Fabritius

2017

Powder Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These are scientists who have worked on scientific research: In Central Asia [5,12], in Foreign countries [14,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of using electrodes in the steel melting process

Rakhmonov,

Korjobova,

Kholikhmatov

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article explores the critical role of electrode technology and energy efficiency in the process of electric arc welding for the purpose of melting and shaping steel. It delves into the challenges posed by electrodes that directly impact the technology’s effectiveness and energy consumption. Furthermore, the article conducts an analysis of various electrode types and classifications utilized in steel melting processes, emphasizing their efficient utilization in the steel production industry. As the demand for steel production continues to rise, so do the requirements for electrode strength and durability. However, modern metallurgical processes often encounter the recurring issue of electrode degradation and failure. Through comprehensive research, this article sheds light on the common problems associated with electrode failure during steel melting operations.

show abstract

“…LCFeCr can be produced by various processes, such as the low-basicity furnace process, Perrin process, electric-silicothermic process, bottom-blown converter process, argonoxygen decarburization (AOD) process, and vacuum furnace reactor process. (Weitz and Garbers-Craig, 2016;Heikkinen and Fabritius, 2012;Booysen et al, 1998;Bhonde, Ghodgaonkar, and Angal, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing models for stainless steel are not suitable for LCFeCr refining of due to the differences in composition and technology (Heikkinen and Fabritius, 2012). Industry experts and researchers have attached importance to the establishment of mathematical models of LCFeCr production technology, and have conducted research on various aspects of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonlinear prediction model, incorporating mass transfer theory and expert rules, for refining low-carbon ferrochrome

Guan¹,

You²

2020

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SYNOPSIS We present an optimal oxygen-blowing system with expert rules to improve the efficiency of refining low-carbon ferrochrome. A nonlinear model based on mass transfer theory, the principles of heat transfer, and the principles of high-temperature chemical reactions for refining low-carbon ferrochrome are established. The model is mainly used to control the oxygen supply rate during argon-oxygen top-bottom double-blown refining, thereby controlling the refining temperature and reducing the carbon content. Twenty production tests using a 5 t argon-oxygen refining furnace demonstrate the effectiveness of the system and reliability of the nonlinear model. A comparison of the model data with the experimental data shows that although the model fails to predict the silicon content in the final refined product, it can predict the contents of the main components at the refining end-point and the refining temperature accurately. Keywords: prediction model, end-point control, mass transfer theory, expert rules.

show abstract

Modelling of the Refining Processes in the Production of Ferrochrome and Stainless Steel

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of steelmaking dust characteristics on suitable recycling process determining: Ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts

Effect of steelmaking dust characteristics on suitable recycling process determining: Ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts

The problem of using electrodes in the steel melting process

A nonlinear prediction model, incorporating mass transfer theory and expert rules, for refining low-carbon ferrochrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About