“… Fredricks et al (2004) stated that learning engagement included behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and emotional engagement. Previous studies have explored numerous relationships which can impact learning engagement, such as student self-efficacy ( Li and Bai, 2018 ), achievement goal orientation ( Dweck, 1986 ), psychological capital ( Ortega-Maldonado and Salanova, 2018 ; Sánchez Cardona et al, 2021 ), family socioeconomic status ( Randolph et al, 2004 ; Jing-Jing et al, 2021 ), parents’ anticipation, the parent–child relationship ( Newman et al, 1992 ), parenting styles ( Alhadabi et al, 2019 ), in-class learning resources ( Atmodiwirjo, 2013 ), and interpersonal relationships and support ( Ferguson-Patrick, 2020 ). As an intrinsic motivational factor, researchers have more recently began to explore the relationship between social belief and learning engagement from the perspective of social cognition in recent years ( Xie et al, 2018 ).…”