Modelling remediation options for urban contamination situations

Thiessen, Kathleen M; Andersson, Kasper Grann; Charnock, T.W.; Gallay, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.03.021

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[13][14][15] However, wet deposited radionuclides , 35 especially those that are positively charged ( 137 Cs, 90 Sr, 241 Am), are subject to ion exchange reactions with building materials. [9,16,17] Exchanged radionuclides can be removed by washing building surfaces with water or concentrated salt solutions. [9,16,17] Washing procedures can result in a large quantity of contaminated wastewater, which, if left untreated, can spread radiological contamination to surrounding areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9,16,17] Exchanged radionuclides can be removed by washing building surfaces with water or concentrated salt solutions. [9,16,17] Washing procedures can result in a large quantity of contaminated wastewater, which, if left untreated, can spread radiological contamination to surrounding areas. [1,6,18] A potential technique to manage this wash water is the treatment of dissolved radionuclides using sorbent materials located inside retention barrels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorbent materials for rapid remediation of wash water during radiological event relief

Jolin

Kaminski

2016

Chemosphere

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Procedures for removing harmful radiation from interior and exterior surfaces of homes and businesses after a nuclear or radiological disaster may generate large volumes of radiologically contaminated waste water. Rather than releasing this waste water to potentially contaminate surrounding areas, it is preferable to treat it onsite. Retention barrels are a viable option because of their simplicity in preparation and availability of possible sorbent materials. This study investigated the use of aluminosilicate clay minerals as sorbent materials to retain (137)Cs, (85)Sr, and (152)Eu. Vermiculite strongly retained (137)Cs, though other radionuclides displayed diminished affinity for the surface. Montmorillonite exhibited increased affinity to sorb (85)Sr and (152)Eu in the presence of higher concentrations of (137)Cs. To simulate flow within retention barrels, vermiculite was mixed with sand and used in small-scale column experiments. The GoldSim contaminate fate module was used to model breakthrough and assess the feasibility of using clay minerals as sorbent materials in retention barrels. The modeled radionuclide breakthrough profiles suggest that vermiculite-sand and montmorillonite-sand filled barrels could be used for treatment of contaminated water generated from field operations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorbent materials for rapid remediation of wash water during radiological event relief

Jolin

Kaminski

2016

Chemosphere

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“…In conjunction, it may be useful to model the dose factor for specific cities or high-priority targets for remediation methods used to virtually clean a contaminated zone and perform a sensitivity analysis to identify what types of remediation activities have the most effect on the goal outcome (e.g., re-opening activities in a business district). For example, Thiessen et al [94] explain that "the reduction in dose is situation specific and dependent on the characteristics of the deposition." Accurate modeling will be critical.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate modeling will be critical. Modelling approaches exist (see [94] for a review) but most of these are specific to nuclear reactor accident contamination and should be adapted and the databases expanded greatly to reliably predict contamination and facilitate planning efforts.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-area decontamination in an urban environment after radiological dispersion: A review and perspectives

Kaminski

Lee

Magnuson

2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Nuclear or radiological terrorism in the form of uncontrolled radioactive contamination presents a unique challenge in the field of nuclear decontamination. Potential targets require an immediate decontamination response, or mitigation plan to limit the social and economic impact. To date, experience with urban decontamination of building materials - specifically hard, porous, external surfaces - is limited to nuclear weapon fallout and nuclear reactor accidents. Methods are lacking for performing wide-area decontamination in an urban environment so that in all release scenarios the area may be re-occupied without evaluation and/or restriction. Also lacking is experience in developing mitigation strategies, that is, methods of mitigating contamination and its resultant radiation dose in key areas during the immediate aftermath of an event and after lifesaving operations. To date, the tremendous strategy development effort primarily by the European community has focused on the recovery phase, which extends years beyond the release event. In this review, we summarize the methods and data collected over the past 70 years in the field of hard, external surface decontamination of radionuclide contaminations, with emphasis on methods suitable for response to radiological dispersal devices and their potentially unique physico-chemical characteristics. This review concludes that although a tremendous amount of work has been completed primarily by the European Community (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK), the few studies existing on each technique permit only very preliminary estimates of decontamination factors for various building materials and methods and extrapolation of those values for use in environments outside the EU and UK. This data shortage prevents us from developing an effective and detailed mitigation response plan and remediation effort. Perhaps most importantly, while the data available does include valuable information on the practical aspects of performing the various remediation methods including costs, coverage rates, manpower, pitfalls, etc., it lacks the details on lessons learned, best practices, and standard procedures, for instance, that would be required to develop a mitigation strategy. While the urban decontamination problem is difficult and there is much more research to do, the existing literature provides a framework for a response plan. Using this framework, in conjunction with computer modeling and relevant data collection, can lead to development of appropriate plans and exercises that would permit development of a mitigation and remediation response.

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“…Pengaruh mekanisme deposisi radionuklida di permukaan sangat dipengaruhi kondisi cuaca seperti curah hujan, run-off dan distribusi radionuklida dan mobilitas kontaminan ke permukaan tanah [4,5] . Sebagai contoh sifat ekosistem tapak terutama ekosistem hutan pedesaan atau bangunan perkotaan sangat menentukan besarnya konsekuensi radiologi terhadap populasi dan lingkungan.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Aktivitas Dan Konsekuensi Dispersi Radioaktif Untuk Daerah Kota Dan Pedesaan

Udiyani¹,

Kuntjoro²,

Pane³

2015

Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir

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ABSTRAKAKTIVITAS DAN KONSEKUENSI DISPERSI RADIOAKTIF UNTUK DAERAH KOTA DAN PEDESAAN. Konsekuensi karena lepasan kontaminan radioaktif oleh manusia dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor seperti besarnya aktivitas kontaminan yang tersebar dan kondisi lingkungan. Kondisi lingkungan meliputi kondisi meteorologi, kontur tapak, dan pathway kontaminan ke manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah analisis aktivitas dan konsekuensi radionuklida waktu paruh panjang akibat kecelakaan di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Tujuan khusus adalah menghitung aktivitas dispersi udara dan deposisi permukaan, prediksi laju dosis dan risiko yang ditimbulkan untuk daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan sebagai fungsi lokasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah simulasi estimasi konsekuensi dari dispersi produk fisi di atmosfer akibat kecelakaan terpostulasi Beyond Design Basis Accident, BDBA. Perhitungan dilakukan untuk lepasan radioaktif akibat kecelakaan PWR 1000 MWe yang disimulasikan untuk area pedesaan dan perkotaan Tapak Bojanegara-Serang. Hasil analisis aktivitas dispersi udara dan deposisi permukaan untuk area pedesaan (rural) lebih tinggi dibandingkan areal perkotaan (urban). Penerimaan dosis untuk area pedesaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penerimaaan dosis area perkotaan. Dosis invidu efektif maksimum untuk area pedesaan (rural) adalah 9,24x10-2 Sv dan daerah perkotaan (urban) adalah 5,14x10-2 Sv. Risiko total terkena kanker untuk masyarakat yang berdomisili di area perkotaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan area pedesaan. Kata kunci: aktivitas, konsekuensi, dispersi, perkotaan, pedesaan ABSTRACTTHE ACTIVITIES AND RADIOACTIVE DISPERSION CONSEQUENCES FOR URBAN AND RURAL AREA. The consequences of radioactive releases of contaminants by humans is influenced by many factors such as the amount of activity that spread contaminants and environmental conditions. Environmental conditions include meteorological conditions, the contours of the site and contaminant pathways to humans. The purpose of this research is the analysis of the consequences of radionuclide activity and long half-life time due to accidents in urban and rural areas. The specific objective is to calculate the activity of the air dispersion and surface deposition, dose rate predictions and the risks posed to urban and rural areas as a function of the location. The estimates method used is simulation of the consequences on fission products dispersion in the atmosphere due to the postulated accident Beyond Design Basis Accident, BDBA. The calculation is performed for radioactive releases from accidents in 1000 MWe PWR simulated for rural and urban areas on Bojanegara-Serang site. Results of the analysis are that the activity of air dispersion and deposition surface at rural areas higher than urban areas. The Acceptance dose is higher for rural areas compared with urban areas. The maximum effective individual dose for rural areas is 9.24x10-2 Sv and urban areas is 5.14x10-2 Sv. The total risk of cancer for people who live in urban areas is higher than rural areas. Keywords: activity, consequence, dispersion, urban, rural

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Modelling remediation options for urban contamination situations

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Sorbent materials for rapid remediation of wash water during radiological event relief

Sorbent materials for rapid remediation of wash water during radiological event relief

Wide-area decontamination in an urban environment after radiological dispersion: A review and perspectives

Aktivitas Dan Konsekuensi Dispersi Radioaktif Untuk Daerah Kota Dan Pedesaan

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