Modelling reverse osmosis by irreversible thermodynamics

Gauwbergen, D. Van; Baeyens, Jan

doi:10.1016/s1383-5866(97)00065-8

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, the three transport parameters of this model, which is known as the hydraulic water permeability constant , the reflection coefficient of the solute and the solute permeability coefficient are independent of each other and can simply represent the original phenomenological coefficients. They can be expressed as less independent of concentration (Van Gauwbergen and Baeyens, 1998;Jonsson, 1980;Kedem and Katchalsky, 1958;Soltanieh and Gill, 1981).…”

Section: The Kedem and Katchalsky Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scenario B. Lastly, for desalination of the concentrated salt water, the procedure can be reversed by applying higher pressure than the solution osmotic pressure, which forces water to pass over the membrane towards the low concentration solution side accompanied by salt rejection, i.e. Scenario C. Usually, this process can happen under ambient temperature and without any phase change (Jain and Gupta, 2004;Van Gauwbergen and Baeyens, 1998). Reverse osmosis can therefore be counted as a prominent separation process in industrial applications due to its power to separate impurities effectively and commensurate with environmental demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the solution diffusion model assumes that the transfer of solute and solvent are largely dependent on the physical and chemical properties of both the solution and the membrane. Furthermore, the interaction between the solute, solvent and membrane are included in this model, and the phenomenological relations can explain the reason of fluxes (Van Gauwbergen and Baeyens, 1998;Sapienza et al, 1990 andJonsson, 1980). The solution diffusion model can be considered as one of the simplest non-porous or homogeneous models related to transport mechanism criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scope and limitations of the irreversible thermodynamics and the solution diffusion models for the separation of binary and multi-component systems in reverse osmosis process

Al‐Obaidi

Kara-Zaïtri

Mujtaba

2017

Computers & Chemical Engineering

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Reverse osmosis process is used in many industrial applications ranging from solute-solvent to solvent-solvent and gaseous separation. A number of theoretical models have been developed to describe the separation and fluxes of solvent and solute in such processes. This paper looks into the scope and limitations of two main models (the irreversible thermodynamics and the solution diffusion models) used in the past by several researchers for solute-solvent feed separation. Despite the investigation of other complex models, the simple concepts of these models accelerate the feasibility of the implementation of reverse osmosis for different types of systems and variety of industries. Briefly, an extensive review of these mathematical models is conducted by collecting more than 70 examples from literature in this study. In addition, this review has covered the improvement of such models to make them compatible with multi-component systems with consideration of concentration polarization and solvent-solute-membrane interaction.

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Section: The Kedem and Katchalsky Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scope and limitations of the irreversible thermodynamics and the solution diffusion models for the separation of binary and multi-component systems in reverse osmosis process

Al‐Obaidi

Kara-Zaïtri

Mujtaba

2017

Computers & Chemical Engineering

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“…These models can be divided into three main groups: the irreversible thermodynamic models, where the local fluxes of solute and solvent are related to the chemical potential differences across the membrane [12][13][14]; the porous flow model, which assumes that water both diffuses and advects through the membrane pores [1,15,16]; and the solution-diffusion model, which assumes that both water and solutes diffuse between the interstitial spaces of the membrane polymer chains [11,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness-mass transfer units (ε-MTU) model of a reverse osmosis membrane mass exchanger

Banchik

Sharqawy

Lienhard

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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A strong analogy exists between heat exchangers and osmotic mass exchangers. The effectiveness -number of transfer units (-NTU) method is well-known for the sizing and rating of heat exchangers. A similar method, called the effectiveness -mass transfer units (ε-MTU) method, is developed for reverse osmosis (RO) mass exchangers. Governing equations for an RO mass exchanger are nondimensionalized assuming ideal membrane characteristics and a linearized form of the osmotic pressure function for seawater. A closed form solution is found which relates three dimensionless groups: the number of mass transfer units, which is an effective size of the exchanger; a pressure ratio, which relates osmotic and hydraulic pressures; and the recovery ratio, which is the ratio of permeate to inlet feed flow rates. A novel performance parameter, the effectiveness of an RO exchanger, is defined as a ratio of the recovery ratio to the maximum recovery ratio. A one-dimensional numerical model is developed to correct for the effects of feed-side external concentration polarization and nonlinearities in osmotic pressure as a function of salinity. A comparison of model results to experimental data found in the literature resulted in an average error of less than 7.8%. The analytical ε-MTU model can be used for design or performance evaluation of RO membrane mass exchangers. Keywords

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“…The validity of the Spiegler and Kedem model has been assessed later by Van Gauwbergen and Baeyens [16]. They concluded that this model can be utilized effectively for high volume flow rates and high concentration gradients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%