Modelling safety-related driving behaviour—impact of parameter values

Abstract

10Traffic simulation models make assumptions about the safety-related behaviour of drivers. These 11 assumptions may or may not replicate the real behaviour of those drivers who adopt seemingly unsafe 12 behaviour, for example running red lights at signalised intersections or too closely following the vehicles 13 in front. Such behaviour results in the performance of the system that we observe but will often result in 14 conflicts and very occasionally in accidents. The question is whether these models should reflect safe behav-15 iour or actual behaviour. Good design should seek to enhance safety, but is the safety of a design neces-16 sarily enhanced by making unrealistically optimistic assumptions about the safety of driversÕ behaviour? 17This paper explores the questions associated with the choice of values for safety-related parameters in 18 simulation models. The paper identifies the key parameters of traffic simulation models and notes that sev-19 eral of them have been derived from theory or informed guesswork rather than observation of real behav-20 iour and that, even where they are based on observations, these may have been conducted in circumstances 21 quite different to those which now apply. Tests with the micro-simulation model DRACULA demonstrate 22 the sensitivity of model predictions-and perhaps policy decisions-to the value of some of the key param-23 eters. It is concluded that, in general, it is better to use values that are realistic-but-unsafe than values that 24 are safe-but-unrealistic. Although the use of realistic-but-unsafe parameter values could result in the adop-25 tion of unsafe designs, this problem can be overcome by paying attention to the safety aspects of designs.0965-8564/$ -see front matter Ó

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