“…The objective is to optimize the collection path with the following constraints: (i) each cluster shall be visited only by one vehicle; (ii) when a customer is visited within a cluster, all other customers in that cluster must be visited before the vehicle leaves the cluster. The literature presents different clustering algorithms and routing solutions to find the shortest distance (Akhtar et al., 2017; Cosma et al., 2022; Neysani Samany, 2019; Neysani Samany et al., 2013b; Sariklis & Powell, 2000; Tavares et al., 2008) and minimum time (Mes et al., 2014; Neysani Samany et al., 2013a; Tavares et al., 2008). Another important goal of clustering is to balance the workload between vehicles (Gu et al., 2016; Hajibabai et al., 2014; Ouyang, 2007; Wang et al., 2022).…”