Modelling Steady-State Moisture Transport Through Corrugated Fibreboard Packaging

Bronlund, John E.; Redding, Gabe P.; Robertson, Tom

doi:10.1002/pts.2025

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The gas transmission rate or gas flux J , in cm 3 /m 2 day atm (for OTR and CO 2 TR) or g/m 2 day (for WVTR) of the specific test gas, is reported when equilibrium is reached (i.e., the concentration of test gas in the carrier gas changes less than 1% during a test cycle of 30 min). The gas flux J can be defined as the quantity of test gas or permeant Q , which passes through the polymeric film per unit area A during one unit of time t at equilibrium:

J = Q / (A . t)

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ultrafine talc on crystallization and end‐use properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)

Vandewijngaarden

Murariu

Dubois

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) is a highly versatile polyhydroxyalkanoate. To enhance its slow crystallization, the performance of ultra-fine talc (median diameter of 1 mm) as a nucleating agent is studied. This study focuses on crystallization, but also on the effect on fundamental properties (i.e., thermal stability) and selected end-use properties (i.e., color, opacity, tensile properties, and gas permeability), to assess its applicability for food packaging purposes. Samples containing 0.5, 1, and 2 wt % were prepared through melt blending and compression molding. First, it was proven that ultra-fine talc is a highly performant nucleating agent for PHBHHx. The isothermal crystallization half time at 70 8C was reduced to 97% by adding 2 wt % of talc, which could greatly improve the processability of PHBHHx. Thermal stability increased with 3-4 8C, due to increased barrier effect. Permeability for O 2 , CO 2 , and water vapor increased slightly upon addition of 0.5 wt % and 1 wt % talc, but decreased at 2 wt % talc. Nevertheless, the results remained within the same applicability range. An acceptable total color change of 0.9 was observed. Furthermore, the PHBHHx matrix was rendered stiffer (Young's modulus increased with 100 MPa), while showing hardly any change in elongation at break or tensile strength. Overall, it can be concluded that ultrafine talc is a very efficient nucleating agent for PHBHHx. Besides the beneficial effect on crystallization, the ultrafine talc hardly influenced any other property, which could prove to be of high added value for the application of these composites as food packaging material.

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J = Q / (A . t)

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain a thickness‐independent criterion for comparison, the gas flux J can be normalized for sample thickness d and permeant pressure p to obtain the permeability coefficient P :

P = J . d / p

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ultrafine talc on crystallization and end‐use properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)

Vandewijngaarden

Murariu

Dubois

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A substantial number of past researches have focused on a numerical finite element method (FEM) for more accurate box compression strength prediction . The related finite element analysis (FEA) simulation has been identified to better indicate failure characteristics and critical stress points of the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,[19][20][21] A substantial number of past researches have focused on a numerical finite element method (FEM) for more accurate box compression strength prediction. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The related finite element analysis (FEA) simulation has been identified to better indicate failure characteristics and critical stress points of the structure. This nonlinear model is very useful for engineering design of corrugated boards and box structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the influence of hand hole and ventilation hole design on compressive strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes by an artificial neural network model

et al. 2020

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This research aimed at developing a high‐performing corrugated fiberboard box compression strength prediction model and to analyze the influences of ventilation and hand hole designs for these containers on the box compression test (BCT) by applying artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. The input variables considered in this study are composed of nine parameters including box dimension as well as shapes, sizes, positions, and locations of ventilations and hand holes of a regular slotted container (RSC, FEFCO 0201). Back propagation algorithms (BPNs) of ANN models were developed from 970 BCT testing data points (single wall boards, C flute, 205/112/205 g/m2). Tested data was randomly broken into three groups for the model development as 80:10:10 for the training set, testing set, and validating set. According to the analysis performed, a BPN 9‐13‐1 model reflected the highest prediction performance with R2 = 0.97. According to the analysis, BCT was significantly affected by the hand hole location followed by the geometrical dimensions of the box (height, length, and width) and the ventilation factors (shape, number, and location) in that order. Hand holes at the top flaps caused a lower BCT reduction compared with those at the vertical locations of the box. Slight changes to the eliminated board area for both hand holes and ventilation (±5%) contributed to less BCT reduction compared with its locations and shapes. Interestingly, increasing the box height significantly increased the BCT, and this was found to be limited only to shorter boxes fabricated from a high stiffness corrugated board.

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“…For many products such as meat, horticultural produce, or dairy products, it is normal practice to reduce their temperature after they are packaged to reduce the risk of pathogen or spoilage organism growth and to maximise quality and longevity . The process of cooling is in part controlled by the geometrical characteristics of the boxes such as surface area, the presence of vent holes, or the thermal properties of the cardboard . There is no doubt that the protection against the environment and ease handling given by the cardboard boxes is needed; however, in a purely cooling performance point of view, the cardboard acts as a barrier that can increase the cooling time by up to 25%…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined modelling methodology for optimisation of box design based on hybrid genetic algorithm

et al. 2018

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The hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) was used to optimise box design to maximise cooling performance, mechanical performance, pallet footprint, and container packing efficiency and to minimise cardboard usage. These factors are normally investigated independently, but the industry requires combined functionality. Here, we present a case study, for optimisation of regular slotted carton boxes filled with wrapped beef mince. After packing, individual boxes are chilled to a desired storage temperature and then palletised for shipping. Four models were developed to predict design performance, including cooling rate, mechanical performance, cardboard usage, and box stacking on pallets. The combination of the model results was used to score the average performance of box designs. The models were solved by Comsol Multiphysics, Ansys APDL, and Cape Pack. The overall design generation and optimisation were developed with Matlab that controls all these software packages, evaluates the interactions between results, and runs the HGA for box optimisation. The HGA was conducted for 10 generations each with a population of 100 individuals. The optimisation routine successfully found optimum dimensions for the box for the defined conditions with relative short simulation times (about 3 hours per generation). This paper demonstrates how overall optimisation of packaging can be achieved through combining the strengths of multiple simulation software packages.

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Modelling Steady-State Moisture Transport Through Corrugated Fibreboard Packaging

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of ultrafine talc on crystallization and end‐use properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)

Effect of ultrafine talc on crystallization and end‐use properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)

An analysis of the influence of hand hole and ventilation hole design on compressive strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes by an artificial neural network model

Combined modelling methodology for optimisation of box design based on hybrid genetic algorithm

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