Modelling the biogeographic boundary shift of <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i> reveals drivers of Arctic Atlantification by subarctic zooplankton

Freer, Jennifer; Daase, Malin; Tarling, Geraint A.

doi:10.1111/gcb.15937

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…To identify the suitability and changes in the habitat for C. finmarchicus in the Fram Strait, we constructed an ecological niche model (ENM) for this species, whereby occurrence and environmental data were fitted using the presence-only ENM algorithm MaxEnt v. 3.4.1 using the R package SDMtune (Vignali et al 2020 ). Further details on the input data, methodology, and model performance are detailed in Electronic Supplementary Material ( ESM ) and in Freer et al ( 2021 ). MaxEnt gives an estimate of the relative habitat suitability of each grid cell by comparing environmental conditions at occupied locations to the available conditions within the study region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a key boreal Calanus copepod species now complete its life-cycle in the Arctic? Evidence and implications for Arctic food-webs

Tarling

Freer

Banas

et al. 2021

Ambio

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The changing Arctic environment is affecting zooplankton that support its abundant wildlife. We examined how these changes are influencing a key zooplankton species, Calanus finmarchicus, principally found in the North Atlantic but expatriated to the Arctic. Close to the ice-edge in the Fram Strait, we identified areas that, since the 1980s, are increasingly favourable to C. finmarchicus. Field-sampling revealed part of the population there to be capable of amassing enough reserves to overwinter. Early developmental stages were also present in early summer, suggesting successful local recruitment. This extension to suitable C. finmarchicus habitat is most likely facilitated by the long-term retreat of the ice-edge, allowing phytoplankton to bloom earlier and for longer and through higher temperatures increasing copepod developmental rates. The increased capacity for this species to complete its life-cycle and prosper in the Fram Strait can change community structure, with large consequences to regional food-webs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a key boreal Calanus copepod species now complete its life-cycle in the Arctic? Evidence and implications for Arctic food-webs

Tarling

Freer

Banas

et al. 2021

Ambio

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“…This emphasises that the EFS is no longer a marginal environment for C. finmarchicus but is a region where this species now thrives. Nevertheless, the comparatively low abundances in the WFS that not all parts of this Arctic region are equally favourable to this species, with differences in seasonality in primary production and sea-ice (Freer et al, 2021) and advective inputs (Wassmann et al, 2015) being major factors. Therefore, it is necessary to make a biogeographic distinction between Fram Strait regions primarily influenced by the EGC and those by the WSC.…”

Section: Population Abundancementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Hence, the total contribution to C flux in this region from all Calanus species could likely be triple and close to 1 Mt C year −1 , which would be a substantial contribution in the wider context. However, a further factor to consider is that while conditions in the Fram Strait have become increasingly favourable for the boreal C. finmarchicus (Freer et al, 2021), they have become less so for C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus with core distribution regions shifting ever northwards (Ershova et al, 2021). Therefore, the true value of C flux generated by C. finmarchicus in the Fram Strait may be in maintaining the lipid pump as the contribution from true Arctic conspecifics diminishes.…”

Section: Total Population C Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Lipid Contents of the Copepod Calanus finmarchicus Entering Diapause in the Fram Strait and Their Contribution to the Boreal and Arctic Lipid Pump

et al. 2022

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The boreal copepod Calanus finmarchicus sequesters substantial amounts of carbon (C) in the deep layers of the North Atlantic Ocean through their contribution to the “lipid pump.” This pump is driven by these zooplankton descending from the surface layers to spend prolonged periods at depth during which time they metabolise substantial lipid reserves and a fraction suffer mortality. C. finmarchicus is principally a boreal species but is expatriated by currents flowing northwards into Arctic regions such as the Fram Strait, where it is now able to complete its life cycle. We considered how this expansion to its distributional range adds to the estimated magnitude of the lipid pump. Field sampling in the Fram Strait found C. finmarchicus abundance to be spatially variable with high values, equivalent to those reported for core distributional areas further south, found mainly in the eastern region. Lipid reserve levels were sufficient for many individuals to survive the overwintering period and reproduce the following spring. In accordance with abundance patterns, lipid pump magnitude was greater in the Eastern Fram Strait (2.04 g C m−2 year−1) compared to the Western Fram Strait (0.33 g C m−2 year−1). At least for the eastern region, these rates are similar to those reported for this species elsewhere (average of 4.35 g C m−2 year−1). When extrapolated to the wider spatial area of the Fram Strait, the lipid pump generated by this species in this ocean sector amounts to 0.3 Mt C year−1. Although constituting a modest proportion of the total C. finmarchicus lipid pump of 19.3 Mt C year−1, it indicates that the continued northwards expansion of this species will act to increase the size of its lipid pump, which may counteract that lost through the northwards retreat of its Arctic congeners, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus.

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“…We could also highlight the comparatively low coverage of eDNA studies in both the Arctic and the Southern oceans. Polar regions are changing faster than others, with range contractions of native species and poleward range expansions of temperate species already underway (e.g., Frainer et al, 2017;Freer;Daase & Tarling, 2021;Schröter et al, 2019). The need for baseline studies and comprehensive biodiversity assessments to be used for mitigating these impacts is more pressing than ever.…”

Section: Prospects For Edna In a Changing Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Dna in an Ocean of Change: Status, Challenges and Prospects

Havermans¹,

Dischereit²,

Pantiukhin³

et al. 2022

ACMAR

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Environmental DNA (eDNA) studies have burgeoned over the last two decades and the application of eDNA has increased exponentially since 2010, albeit at a slower pace in the marine system. We provide a literature overview on marine metazoan eDNA studies and assess recent achievements in answering questions related to species distributions, biodiversity and biomass. We investigate which are the better studied taxonomic groups, geographic regions and the genetic markers used. We evaluate the use of eDNA for addressing ecological and environmental issues through food web, ecotoxicological, surveillance and management studies. Based on this state of the art, we highlight exciting prospects of eDNA for marine time series, population genetic studies, the use of natural sampler DNA, and eDNA data for building trophic networks and ecosystem models. We discuss the current limitations, in terms of marker choice and incompleteness of reference databases. We also present recent advances using experiments and modeling to better understand persistence, decay and dispersal of eDNA in coastal and oceanic systems. Finally, we explore promising avenues for marine eDNA research, including autonomous or passive eDNA sampling, as well as the combined applications of eDNA with different surveillance methods and further molecular advances. Keywords: environmental DNA, DNA metabarcoding, marine metazoa, biodiversity, population genetics, natural sampler DNA, diet analysis.

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Modelling the biogeographic boundary shift of Calanus finmarchicus reveals drivers of Arctic Atlantification by subarctic zooplankton

Cited by 24 publications

References 72 publications

Can a key boreal Calanus copepod species now complete its life-cycle in the Arctic? Evidence and implications for Arctic food-webs

Can a key boreal Calanus copepod species now complete its life-cycle in the Arctic? Evidence and implications for Arctic food-webs

Carbon and Lipid Contents of the Copepod Calanus finmarchicus Entering Diapause in the Fram Strait and Their Contribution to the Boreal and Arctic Lipid Pump

Environmental Dna in an Ocean of Change: Status, Challenges and Prospects

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