Modelling the dispersion of a toxic substance at a workplace

Kassomenos, Pavlos; Karayannis, A. N.; Panagopoulos, I.; Karakitsios, Spyros; Petrakis, M.

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.05.003

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Individual CFD models have been commonly used to study wind, temperature and air pollution fields in outdoor urban environments [4][5][6][7], industrial sites [8], public transport facilities [9], indoor building environments [9][10][11][12] and around the human body [13]. In these applications, the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modelling approach has been widely used [14,15], although more advanced modelling methods such as Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are becoming increasingly popular [16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Model Inter-comparison for Wind Flow and Turbulence Around Single-Block Buildings

Vardoulakis

Dimitrova

Richards³

et al. 2010

Environ Model Assess

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Wind flow and turbulence within the urban canopy layer can influence the heating and ventilation of buildings, affecting the health and comfort of pedestrians, commuters and building occupants. In addition, the predictive capability of pollutant dispersion models is heavily dependent on wind flow models. For that reason, well-validated microscale models are needed for the simulation of wind fields within built-up urban microenvironments. To address this need, an inter-comparison study of several such models was carried out within the European research network ATREUS. This work was conducted as part of an evaluation study for microscale numerical models, so they could be further implemented to provide reliable wind fields for building energy simulation and pollutant dispersion codes. Four computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (CHENSI, MIMO, VADIS and FLUENT) were applied to reduced-scale single-block buildings, for which quality-assured and fully documented experimental data were obtained. Simulated wind and turbulence fields around two surface-mounted cubes of different dimensions and wall roughness were compared against experimental data produced in the wind tunnels of the Meteorological Institute of Hamburg University under different inflow and boundary conditions. The models reproduced reasonably well the general flow patterns around the single-block buildings, although over-predictions of the turbulent kinetic energy were observed near stagnation points in the upwind impingement region. Certain discrepancies between the CFD models were also identified and interpreted. Finally, some general recommendations for CFD model evaluation and use in environmental applications are presented

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Model Inter-comparison for Wind Flow and Turbulence Around Single-Block Buildings

Vardoulakis

Dimitrova

Richards³

et al. 2010

Environ Model Assess

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“…The algorithm of semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) developed earlier (Patankar 1980), gained the broadest application in the CFD calculation (Kim et al 2002;Zhai et al 2004;Chang et al 2006;Cheong and Phua 2006;Zhang and Chen 2006;Kassomenos et al 2008), and was used to solve iteratively the pressure-velocity coupling equations in the present study. A reliable turbulence model, numerical scheme, and numerical algorithm could increase the accuracy of simulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ventilation arrangements on particle removal in industrial cleanrooms with various tool coverage

Tung

et al. 2010

Build. Simul.

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This paper aims to investigate the influence of comparative ventilation arrangements (wall-return, locally balanced ceiling-return, and four-way ceiling-return) on the airflow distribution and particle fates within cleanrooms of ISO cleanliness class 7 with various tool coverage ratios (0%, 38%, and 60%). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to analyze and compare the influence of the three ventilation arrangements on concentrations for particles of various sizes (diameters ranging from 0.01 to 100 μm) in the cleanrooms. The techniques of Eulerian and Lagrangian in CFD were employed for solving the continuous fluid and tracking the particle trajectory, respectively. The outcomes from this study suggested that particle removal rates for the given cleanrooms were significantly affected by the tool coverage ratios, the design of ventilation, and the particle sizes of concerns. In the cases of heavy tool coverage, the locally balanced ceiling-return ventilation arrangements can minimize the need for the relocation of the production lines and layouts of the production tools in cleanrooms, and may provide viable solutions to effective contamination without compromising contamination effectiveness or efficiency.

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“…For scalar equations, Fluent solves this linear system using a point implicit (Gauss-Seidel) linear equation solver in conjunction with an algebraic multi-grid (AMG) method. The algorithm of semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) [24] was used to solve iteratively the pressurevelocity coupling equations [11,[25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Numerical Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study on the dispersion of airborne contaminants from an isolation room in the case of door opening

Tung

Shih

2009

Applied Thermal Engineering

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a b s t r a c tA negative pressure isolation room is built to accommodate and cure patients with highly infectious diseases. An absolutely airtight space effectively prevents infectious diseases from leaking out of the isolation room. Opening the door leads to a breakdown in isolation conditions and causes the dispersion of infectious air out of the isolation room. Extensively employed to manage smoke in cases of fires at subway and highway tunnels, a concept of controlling airflow is applied to the study. This study proposes a design of ventilation system to control air flow rate for containing airborne contaminant and preventing its spread to the adjacent rooms when the door to the isolation room is opened and closed. This paper employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a more effective approach to examine the concentration maps of airborne contaminants and the airflow patterns of room air and discuss the influence of temperature differences between two rooms on airborne dispersion. Results show that an air velocity above 0.2 m/s via a doorway effectively prevents the spread of airborne contaminants out of the isolation room in the state of door opening.

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Modelling the dispersion of a toxic substance at a workplace

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Numerical Model Inter-comparison for Wind Flow and Turbulence Around Single-Block Buildings

Numerical Model Inter-comparison for Wind Flow and Turbulence Around Single-Block Buildings

Influence of ventilation arrangements on particle removal in industrial cleanrooms with various tool coverage

Numerical study on the dispersion of airborne contaminants from an isolation room in the case of door opening

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