Modelling the History of Ideas

Betti, Arianna; Berg, Hein van den

doi:10.1080/09608788.2014.949217

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Step 1. Set an initial rough question and create a conceptual model An initial rough research question is set, from which concepts of interest are distilled and modelled as a network of subconcepts following Betti and van den Berg (2014). At this step, (sub)concepts usually still lack systematised association with terms in specific corpora.…”

Section: A Validated Methods For Ground Truth XC Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method is generally applicable, language-independent, and extensible to multilingual data. It has its theoretical basis in a specific methodology in the history of ideas known as the 'model approach' (Betti and van den Berg, 2014), and is an operationalisation of that approach. According to the model approach, concepts cannot be properly studied unless they are represented as relational networks of terms, where the latter are the result of making textual interpretation explicit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expert Concept-Modeling Ground Truth Construction for Word Embeddings Evaluation in Concept-Focused Domains

Betti¹,

Reynaert²,

Ossenkoppele³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics

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We present a novel, domain expert-controlled, replicable procedure for the construction of concept-modeling ground truths with the aim of evaluating the application of word embeddings. In particular, our method is designed to evaluate the application of word and paragraph embeddings in concept-focused textual domains, where a generic ontology does not provide enough information. We illustrate the procedure, and validate it by describing the construction of an expert ground truth, QuiNE-GT. QuiNE-GT is built to answer research questions concerning the concept of naturalized epistemology in QUINE, a 2-million-token, single-author, 20th-century English philosophy corpus of outstanding quality, cleaned up and enriched for the purpose. To the best of our ken, expert conceptmodeling ground truths are extremely rare in current literature, nor has the theoretical methodology behind their construction ever been explicitly conceptualised and properly systematised. Expert-controlled concept-modeling ground truths are however essential to allow proper evaluation of word embeddings techniques, and increase their trustworthiness in specialised domains in which the detection of concepts through their expression in texts is important. We highlight challenges, requirements, and prospects for future work.

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Section: A Validated Methods For Ground Truth XC Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Concept-Modeling Ground Truth Construction for Word Embeddings Evaluation in Concept-Focused Domains

Betti¹,

Reynaert²,

Ossenkoppele³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…As Betti and van den Berg ( 2014 ) stress, the classical model articulates the core of an axiomatic ideal of science. However, different authors accepted different varieties of the classical model.…”

Section: The Ideal Of Axiomatic Science In Eighteenth-century German mentioning

confidence: 99%

Axiomatic Natural Philosophy and the Emergence of Biology as a Science

Berg

Demarest

2020

J Hist Biol

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Ernst Mayr argued that the emergence of biology as a special science in the early nineteenth century was possible due to the demise of the mathematical model of science and its insistence on demonstrative knowledge. More recently, John Zammito has claimed that the rise of biology as a special science was due to a distinctive experimental, anti-metaphysical, anti-mathematical, and anti-rationalist strand of thought coming from outside of Germany. In this paper we argue that this narrative neglects the important role played by the mathematical and axiomatic model of science in the emergence of biology as a special science. We show that several major actors involved in the emergence of biology as a science in Germany were working with an axiomatic conception of science that goes back at least to Aristotle and was popular in mid-eighteenth-century German academic circles due to its endorsement by Christian Wolff. More specifically, we show that at least two major contributors to the emergence of biology in Germany—Caspar Friedrich Wolff and Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus—sought to provide a conception of the new science of life that satisfies the criteria of a traditional axiomatic ideal of science. Both C.F. Wolff and Treviranus took over strong commitments to the axiomatic model of science from major philosophers of their time, Christian Wolff and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, respectively. The ideal of biology as an axiomatic science with specific biological fundamental concepts and principles thus played a role in the emergence of biology as a special science.

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“…In addition to these model-specific caveats, the translation from (potentially complex) concepts to words which can be observed by a distributional model is not straight forward. Betti and van den Berg (2014) propose the use of conceptual models to study concept change in a clearly defined and somewhat formalized way. This notion is rarely treated explicitly in applications of diachronic embedding models.…”

Section: Researchers In Other Domains (Mainly Digitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Change and Distributional Semantic Models: an Exploratory Study on Pitfalls and Possibilities

Sommerauer¹,

Fokkens²

2019

Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Computational Approaches to Historical Language Change

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Studying conceptual change using embedding models has become increasingly popular in the Digital Humanities community, while critical observations about them have received less attention. This paper investigates what the impact of known pitfalls can be on the conclusions drawn in a digital humanities study through the use case of "Racism" in the 20th century. In addition, we suggest an approach for modeling a complex concept in terms of words and relations representative of the conceptual system. Our results show that different models created from the same data yield different results, but also indicate that (i) using different model architectures, (ii) comparing different corpora and (iii) comparing to control words and relations can help to identify which results are solid and which may be due to artefacts. We propose guidelines to conduct similar studies, but also note that more work is needed to fully understand how we can distinguish artefacts from actual conceptual changes.

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Modelling the History of Ideas

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Expert Concept-Modeling Ground Truth Construction for Word Embeddings Evaluation in Concept-Focused Domains

Expert Concept-Modeling Ground Truth Construction for Word Embeddings Evaluation in Concept-Focused Domains

Axiomatic Natural Philosophy and the Emergence of Biology as a Science

Conceptual Change and Distributional Semantic Models: an Exploratory Study on Pitfalls and Possibilities

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