Modelling the impact of biosecurity practices on the risk of high pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Australian commercial chicken farms

Glass, Kathryn; Barnes, Belinda; Scott, Angela Bullanday; Toribio, Jenny-Ann; Moloney, Barbara; Singh, Mini; Hernández‐Jover, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.02.002

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Bacteria belonging to the Salmonella genus pose a significant risk to both human and animal health. These pathogens are the most common bacteria transmitted from poultry products to humans, and they are also associated with significant economic losses (Glass et al, 2019). We recorded 4.2% prevalence of S. enterica in captive pigeons and ring-necked pheasants, 3.3% in peafowls and turkeys, 2.5% in crows, 1.7% in sparrows and wild pigeons, and 0.8% in mynas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Identification and Antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Camels with Molecular Recognition of Some Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Encoding Genes

Moawad

2023

PJZ

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Birds play a critical role as a reservoir for enteric bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of E. coli and S. enterica and occurrence of their antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes in selected wild and captive bird species in Pakistan. E. coli and S. enterica were isolated from fecal samples of birds and identified by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of ABR genes by PCR. E. coli colonies appeared circular and dark purple on EMB agar media plates while S. enterica colonies were small, circular, and red on SS agar media plates. E. coli and S. enterica isolates were found resistant to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole, while sensitive against doxycycline, gentamycin, and tetracycline. E. coli isolates showed positive results in catalase, indole, and methyl red tests while S. enterica isolates showed negative in citrate, lactose, and urease tests. E. coli and S. enterica strains were 100% and 99% identical, respectively, to previously isolated E. coli and S. enterica strains. Overall prevalence of E. coli and S. enterica was recorded as 16.55% and 2.7% respectively. Captive pigeons exhibited maximum 19.1% and 3.3% occurrence of blaTEM of E. coli and S. enterica respectively, 18.3% and 2.5% of sul3 respectively in peafowls, and 23.3% and 3.3% of qnrA respectively in captive pigeons. It has been concluded that captive birds in districts with lower elevation levels have a higher prevalence of E. coli and S. enterica at high temperatures compared to wild birds in districts with higher elevation levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Identification and Antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Camels with Molecular Recognition of Some Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Encoding Genes

Moawad

2023

PJZ

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“…Experimental infection of ring-necked pheasants demonstrated that this species could also sustain virus shedding with transmission to contact-exposed birds, which may enable unrecognized dissemination and adaptation [ 36 ]. Nevertheless, improvements in biosecurity such as limiting wild bird access of potential bridge species to poultry houses, are necessary to reduce the risk of virus incursion, particularly in free-range farms [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-species, multi-pathogen avian viral disease outbreak event: Investigating potential for virus transmission at the wild bird – poultry interface

Reid,

Byrne,

Lean

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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A free-range organic broiler ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) premises in Staffordshire was infected by high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 during the 2020–2021 epizootic in the United Kingdom (UK). Following initial confirmation of the infection in poultry, multiple wild bird species were seen scavenging on chicken carcasses. Detected dead wild birds were subsequently demonstrated to have been infected and succumbed to HPAIV H5N8. Initially, scavenging species, magpie ( Pica pica ) and raven ( Corvus corax ) were found dead on the premises but over the following days, buzzards ( Buteo buteo ) were also found dead within the local area with positive detection of HPAIV in submitted carcasses. The subacute nature of microscopic lesions within a buzzard was consistent with the timeframe of infection. Finally, a considerable number of free-living pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) were also found dead in the surrounding area, with carcasses having higher viral antigen loads compared to infected chickens. Limited virus dissemination was observed in the carcasses of the magpie, raven, and buzzard. Further, an avirulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) was detected within poultry samples as well as in the viscera of a magpie infected with HPAIV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal colocalization of avian paramyxovirus antigens with lesions, supporting an avirulent APMV-1 infection. Overall, this case highlights scenarios in which bi-directional transmission of avian viral diseases between commercial and wild bird species may occur. It also underlines the importance of bio separation and reduced access when infection pressure from HPAIV is high.

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“…Notably, interviewees believed that improving on‐farm biosecurity for yellow broiler farms would cost more than continuing vaccination. However, improving biosecurity could have additional benefits in the long‐term by reducing risks of other avian diseases and improving production performance (Glass et al., 2019). Thus, it would be complementary to ongoing vaccination rather than as an alternative strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed methods study of stakeholders’ practices and attitudes on avian influenza H7N9 vaccination for the yellow broiler industry in Guangxi, China

Tang

Shen

Zou

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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In response to a sudden increase in H7N9 human infections, China introduced an H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine for poultry in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces in July 2017, which subsequently became integrated into the existing compulsory national H5N1 vaccination programme from September 2017. Although the vaccination programme effectively reduced H7N9 infections in humans and poultry, there are ongoing arguments against continuing this long-term vaccination. These discussions have drawn policymakers to think about the possibility of stopping routine vaccination for H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in China; however, they have not considered the poultry industry stakeholders' practices on and attitudes towards this vaccination. This study investigated H7N9 vaccination practices in the yellow broiler industry in Guangxi and stakeholders' attitudes on H7N9 vaccination, using a mixed methods design. The study found H7N9 vaccination was well adopted in the yellow broiler industry in Guangxi regardless of the source of the vaccines. Most stakeholders believed vaccination was the best measure to control H7N9 and H5N1 AIVs, and they showed a strong willingness to continue with vaccination even without government subsidies or freely provided vaccines. The motivations by stakeholders for using vaccines to control H7N9 and H5N1 were different due to the epidemiological differences between the two strains. Understanding poultry industry stakeholders' practices and attitudes on H7N9 vaccination has important practical implications in planning vaccination policies, particularly when considering the possibility of vaccination withdrawal.

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Modelling the impact of biosecurity practices on the risk of high pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Australian commercial chicken farms

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Identification and Antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Camels with Molecular Recognition of Some Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Encoding Genes

Identification and Antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Camels with Molecular Recognition of Some Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Encoding Genes

A multi-species, multi-pathogen avian viral disease outbreak event: Investigating potential for virus transmission at the wild bird – poultry interface

A mixed methods study of stakeholders’ practices and attitudes on avian influenza H7N9 vaccination for the yellow broiler industry in Guangxi, China

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