Modelling the impact of increased street tree cover on mean radiant temperature across Vancouver’s local climate zones

Aminipouri, Mehdi; Knudby, Anders; Krayenhoff, E. Scott; Zickfeld, Kirsten; Middel, Ariane

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2019.01.016

Cited by 69 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Another relevant indicator of human thermal perception in outdoor environments is the radiant temperature (Lin, ). However, since the LCZ scheme was designed for air temperatures, only few studies investigated the relationship between LCZs and the radiant temperature (Sharmin et al, ; Aminipouri et al, ). They found potential reduction in radiant temperature and improvement in thermal comfort by varying building form and planting street trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How well does the local climate zone scheme discern the thermal environment of Toulouse (France)? An analysis using numerical simulation data

Kwok

Schoetter

Lau

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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To build healthy, resilient, and climate‐responsive cities, planners need ways to understand the local complexities of urban thermal climates. To assist in meeting this need, this study employs the simple classification of “local climate zones” (LCZs) to conduct a spatiotemporal thermal climatic analysis of the Toulouse Metropolitan Region (France) under warm and dry summer conditions. Simulations are performed using the mesoscale atmospheric model Méso‐NH. These simulations provide a city‐wide spatial coverage of 2‐m air temperature (T2M), mean radiant temperature (MRT), and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Model parameters describing the urban morphology are initialized based on administrative databases and independent of LCZ maps, which allows for an evaluation of whether the distributions of the modelled thermal climatic parameters will differ between LCZs. The results show that different LCZs possess significantly different distributions of T2M and MRT, confirming the suitability of the LCZ scheme for discerning the thermal environment of Toulouse. Compact urban settings (LCZ 1/2/3) show the highest T2M throughout the day and a nocturnal temperature difference of up to 2.8 K compared to rural settings. The MRT of LCZ 1/2/3 in the late afternoon (1700–2000 LST (UTC + 2)) can be as much as 6.3 K lower than it is for LCZs with open settings due to shading by dense urban structures. Additional analysis reveals that the intra‐LCZ variabilities of T2M and MRT may be explained by the distance to the city centre. Finally, the thermal stress in different LCZs is assessed with the modelled UTCI. Among the built LCZs, the probability of strong heat stress is the highest for open high/mid‐rise (LCZ 4/5) and lowest for sparsely built (LCZ 9) and open low‐rise (LCZ 6) settings. For land cover type LCZs, dense trees (LCZ A) are the most favourable for daytime outdoor human thermal comfort.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How well does the local climate zone scheme discern the thermal environment of Toulouse (France)? An analysis using numerical simulation data

Kwok

Schoetter

Lau

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…At the site or block level, shade is an essential component of “cool” spots, particularly in relation to UV radiation exposure [75]. Reflecting increased concern of the public health impacts of urban heat events, studies and models provided knowledge about thermal comfort and perceived heat [76,77] including radiant temperatures [78], tree species effects [79], and tree planting configuration [80]. We include another novel metric, namely the number of people that a cool refuge can accommodate at once.…”

Section: Results: a Conceptual Typology Of Practical Green Design mentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening Blocks: A Conceptual Typology of Practical Design Interventions to Integrate Health and Climate Resilience Co-Benefits

Barron

Nitoslawski

Wolf

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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It is increasingly evident that exposure to green landscape elements benefits human health. Urban green space in cities is also recognized as a crucial adaptation response to changes in climate and its subsequent effects. The exploration of conceptual and practical intersections between human health, green spaces, and climate action is needed. Evidence-based guidance is needed for stakeholders, practitioners, designers, and citizens in order to assess and manage urban green spaces that maximize co-benefits for both human health and climate resilience. This paper proposes interventions that provide strategic green space enhancement at the neighborhood and block scale. We propose eight tangible green space interventions and associated metrics to integrate climate resilience and population health co-benefits into urban green space design and planning: View from within, Plant entrances, Bring nature nearby, Retain the mature, Generate diversity, Create refuge, Connect experiences, and Optimize green infrastructure. These interventions represent a hierarchy of functional design concepts that respond to experiential qualities and physical/psychological dimensions of health, and which enhance resilience at a range of social scales from the individual to the neighborhood. The interventions also reveal additional research needs in green space design, particularly in neighborhood-level contexts.

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“…The advantage of the methodology proposed here, in which the LCZ distribution has been compared with the outputs of a high-resolution climate model (UrbClim) is that the relationship has been established from long climate series and for the entire selected region. Currently, there are quite a few studies characterizing LCZs using urban model outputs (Aminipouri et al, 2019;Beck et al, 2018;Geletič et al, 2018;Kwok et al, 2019;Unger et al, 2018), but there are few that do it with climatic outings that span so many years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing heat exposure to extreme temperatures in urban areas using the Local Climate Zones classification

Gilabert¹,

Deluca²,

Lauwaet³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Trends of extreme temperature episodes in cities are increasing (in frequency, magnitude and duration) due to regional climate change in interaction with the urban effects. Urban morphologies and thermal properties of the materials used to build them are factors that influence the spatial and temporal climate variability and becomes one of the main reasons for the climatic singularity of cities. This paper presents a proposal to evaluate the urban and peri-urban effect on extreme temperatures exposure in Barcelona (Spain), using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) framework as a base statement, that allows the comparison with other cities of the world characterized using this criterion. LCZs were introduced as input of the high resolution UrbClim model (100 m spatial resolution) to create the daily temperatures (median and maximum) series for summer (JJA) during the period 1987 to 2016, pixel by pixel, in order to create a cartography of extremes. Using the relationship between mortality due to high temperatures and the temperature distribution, the heat exposure of each LCZ was obtained. Methodological results of the paper show the improvement obtained when LCZs were mapped through a combination of two techniques (from Land Cover/Land Use maps and from WUDAPT method), as well as proposes a methodology to obtain the exposure to high temperatures of different LCZs on urban and peri-urban areas. In the case of Barcelona, the distribution of temperatures for the 90th percentile (about 3–4 °C compared to average conditions) leads to an increase in the relative risk of mortality of 80 %.

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Modelling the impact of increased street tree cover on mean radiant temperature across Vancouver’s local climate zones

Cited by 69 publications

References 44 publications

How well does the local climate zone scheme discern the thermal environment of Toulouse (France)? An analysis using numerical simulation data

How well does the local climate zone scheme discern the thermal environment of Toulouse (France)? An analysis using numerical simulation data

Greening Blocks: A Conceptual Typology of Practical Design Interventions to Integrate Health and Climate Resilience Co-Benefits

Assessing heat exposure to extreme temperatures in urban areas using the Local Climate Zones classification

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