Modelling the impacts of water harvesting and climate change on rainfed maize yields in Senegal

Abstract

Senegalese agriculture is threatened by climate change effects, affecting rainfall variability both at interannual and interdecadal timescales. Using FAO’s AquaCrop crop-growth model, we tested the efficiency of an in situ water harvesting technique - tied ridges - for maize cropping in the Fatick region in Senegal, in response to changes in temperature and precipitation with different fertility levels and different soils. Results showed that, considering the current climate and soil fertility, tied ridges did not significantly impact maize yields. The rainfall amount was enough for maize production and to avoid water stress during the cropping season. Under perturbed climates and, especially, in years with low average rainfall amounts, high losses in yield were registered under optimal fertility conditions (up to 80%). The strongest effect was obtained when tied ridges were simulated on clay soil, enhancing yields by 5.6% and 13% at actual and optimal fertility conditions, respectively. Our results highlighted how the current maize production in the Fatick region in Senegal is sustainable in the current climate scenario, while it could be potentially impacted by climate change in the near future. In a pessimistic climate change scenario, in situ water harvesting has the potential to avoid excessive crop losses.

Effects of Climate Change and Drought Tolerance on Maize Growth

“…Maintain survival and productivity in drought conditions. [132][133][134][135] Response to low precipitation • Developing maize varieties for water use efficiency [136][137][138][139][140][141] There is an urgent need to develop maize varieties that are resistant to stresses such as drought and high temperatures, or that can adapt to changing ecosystems such as climate change. However, while the development of new maize varieties is important, the introduction of new cultivation technologies is also necessary.…”