Modelling the interaction of electromagnetic fields (10 MHz–10 GHz) with the human body: methods and applications

Abstract

Numerical modelling of the interaction between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the dielectrically inhomogeneous human body provides a unique way of assessing the resulting spatial distributions of internal electric fields, currents and rate of energy deposition. Knowledge of these parameters is of importance in understanding such interactions and is a prerequisite when assessing EMF exposure or when assessing or optimizing therapeutic or diagnostic medical applications that employ EMFs. In this review, computational methods that provide this information through full time-dependent solutions of Maxwell's equations are summarized briefly. This is followed by an overview of safety- and medical-related applications where modelling has contributed significantly to development and understanding of the techniques involved. In particular, applications in the areas of mobile communications, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermal therapy and microwave radiometry are highlighted. Finally, examples of modelling the potentially new medical applications of recent technologies such as ultra-wideband microwaves are discussed.

Assessment of the Induced Electric Fields in a Carbon-Fiber Electrical Vehicle Equipped with a Wireless Power Transfer System

“…Specifically, the low-frequency (LF) magneto-quasi-static (MQS) solver has been used, as it has shown to be working up to about 10 MHz [24,25]. The LF-MQS solver is based on the scalar potential finite element (SPFE) method.…”

Human Body as Antenna and Its Effect on Human Body Communications

“…The calculated resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the resonance frequencies of whole-body-averaged SAR predicted by other authors, such as Dimbylow [25], using FDTD algorithm on voxel-based models of real human anatomy. A good summary of related works by other authors is compiled in [26]. The presence of a load on the base of the cylinder has effect on the resonance frequency as well as the magnitude of the induced axial current.…”

Melhorando o Desempenho Computacional de um Esquema de Diferenças Finitas para as Equações de Maxwell

“…A tabela mostra os erros observados e a taxa de convergência estimada conforme (8). De forma geral, os erros obtidos são inferiores a ( x) 2 .…”

“…A energia gerada por fontes eletromagnéticas e suas interações com o entorno possuem muitas aplicações, entre as quais podemos citar as tecnologias de comunicação sem fio e alguns tratamentos e diagnósticos usados naárea médica [7,8,16]. O desenvolvimento e aprimoramento dessas aplicações requerem um estudo detalhado sobre a interação do campo eletromagnético e a propagação de ondas eletromagnéticas na região de interesse.…”