Modelling the likely impact of healthy eating guidelines on agricultural production and land use in England and Wales

Operationalising the health aspects of sustainable diets: a review

“…The food availability estimates included data on the food supply at the population level using Food Balance Sheets of the FAO or from the US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) and data on the food purchases at the household level using Household Budget Surveys (21,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) . Regarding individual-level food intake assessments, diet records were the most frequently used dietary survey method (20,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) with recording ranging from 2 to 14 d; followed by a single or replicated 24 h recalls (49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)…”

“…In most studies, food items without a sustainability value were assigned a value from a similar food item within the same food group to cover the total food consumption. Sustainability was mainly operationalised by greenhouse gas emissions (12,15,21,25,26,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(40)(41)(42)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)60) , followed by land use (14)(15)(16)40,41,43,50,52,60) and other sustainability indicators including livestock production, biodiversity and use of the planet's resources (12)(13)(14)(15)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)…”

Pollination services in the UK: How important are honeybees?

“…Similarly, although the UK has become increasingly reliant upon low-cost imports to satisfy demand for many insect pollinated crops (DEFRA, 2009), demand for locally sourced produce, arising from perceived environmental, economic and health benefits (Brown et al, 2009) may bolster the market for home production of many crops. Finally, government policy aimed at improving dietary health is projected to encourage a substantial rise in the area of fruit crops, particularly in southern and eastern regions of England, at the expense of pasture farming, field bean and oilseed area as demand for meat and feed falls (Arnoult et al, 2010). Accordingly, insect pollinated crops account for a lower proportion of crop area under this scenario compared to the reference run.…”

Impacts of reducing red meat consumption on agricultural production in Finland

“…The basic idea underlying the model is that, given the persistence of dietary patterns and preferences, it is reasonable to assume that consumers, when reducing meat consumption, would seek to replace the foregone energy through substitutions that would modify their current diet as little as possible. This paradigm has been used previously to simulate the impact of cost constraints on nutrient density (Darmon et al 2002) and to analyse how various dietary norms, if implemented, would affect food consumption in various countries or sub-population groups (Srinivasan et al 2006, Shankar et al 2008, Arnoult et al 2010). …”