Modelling the long-term fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in the Grenland Fjords, Norway

Persson, N. Johan; Cousins, Ian T.; Molvær, J.; Broman, Dag; Næs, Kristoffer

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.009

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Both model codes are described in more details in Saloranta et al (1). A model comparison exercise between our abiotic model and that of Persson et al (15) with similar parametrization produced very similar results and thus increased our confidence on that our abiotic model code is correctly formulated.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The biotic model code in the SF-tool is similar to that described in Saloranta et al (14), while the abiotic code, of which application this paper mostly focuses on, is largely based on the model code formulation given in Persson et al (15). The models can be executed both in dynamic and steady state modes and have been previously applied to several fjord systems in Norway (1,16,17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibrated model generally fits well with yearly medians of observations of CPCDD/F in sediment and water compartments, as well as in cod liver and crab hepatopancreas. The model bias (MB), i.e the factor by which the predictions tend to under-(MB < 1) or overestimate (MB > 1) the yearly medians of observations (15), was 1.02, 0.58, and 0.94 for sediment, water and biota, respectively (median bias of the 2000 simulations). The spread in the observations is a result of both spatial and temporal variability within the abiotic model compartments and within the cod and crab populations.…”

Section: Mcmc-calibrated Model Simulations Of Pcdd/fs In the Grenlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Effects and Uncertainties of Contaminated Sediment Remediation Scenarios in a Norwegian Fjord by Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation

Saloranta

Armitage

Haario

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Multimedia environmental fate models are useful tools to investigate the long-term impacts of remediation measures designed to alleviate potential ecological and human health concerns in contaminated areas. Estimating and communicating the uncertainties associated with the model simulations is a critical task for demonstrating the transparency and reliability of the results. The Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(Extended FAST) method for sensitivity analysis and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for uncertainty analysis and model calibration have several advantages over methods typically applied for multimedia environmental fate models. Most importantly, the simulation results and their uncertainties can be anchored to the available observations and their uncertainties. We apply these techniques for simulating the historical fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the Grenland fjords, Norway, and for predicting the effects of different contaminated sediment remediation (capping) scenarios on the future levels of PCDD/Fs in cod and crab therein. The remediation scenario simulations show that a significant remediation effect can first be seen when significant portions of the contaminated sediment areas are cleaned up, and that increase in capping area leads to both earlier achievement of good fjord status and narrower uncertainty in the predicted timing for this.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mcmc-calibrated Model Simulations Of Pcdd/fs In the Grenlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Effects and Uncertainties of Contaminated Sediment Remediation Scenarios in a Norwegian Fjord by Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation

Saloranta

Armitage

Haario

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…While local food or human contamination has been reported for some PCDD/F and PCB contaminated sites (see above and, for example, Balzer et al 2007;Braga et al 2002;Chan et al 2007;Evers et al 1997;Hauser et al 2005;Johansen et al 1996;Karouna-Renier et al 2007;Mendoza et al 2006;Persson et al 2006;Revich et al 2004;Revich and Shelepchikov 2007;Ruus et al 2006;Schmid et al 2003;TurrioBaldassarri et al 2007), a comprehensive investigation of PCDD/F exposure from the numerous reservoir sources via the food chain and other pathways (see Fig. 2) has not been undertaken to date.…”

Section: Human Pcdd/f and Dioxin-like Exposure From Historic Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges

Weber¹,

Gaus²,

Tysklind

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

343

210

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With the continuing shift of industrial activities in developing and transition economies, which often have poor regulation (and weak self-regulation of industries), additional global challenges regarding POPs and other contaminated sites may be expected. In this respect, a comprehensive application of the "polluter pays principle" in these countries will also be a key to facilitate the clean-up of contaminated areas and the prevention of future contaminated sites. The threats and challenges of contaminated sites and the high costs of securing/remediating the problems highlight the need for a comprehensive approach based upon integrated pollution prevention and control. If applied to all polluting (and potentially polluting) industrial sectors around the globe, such an approach will prove to be both the cheapest and most sustainable way to underpin the development of industries in developing and transition economies.

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“…1). Water depth at the Brevik sill is 23 m. An outgoing river flow (on average 120 m 3 s −1 ; current 50 to 100 cm s −1 ) exists at 0 to 10 m depth, whereas a smaller and slower ingoing compensation current (5-10 cm s −1 ) occurs in the deeper water (10 to 15 m depth; Persson et al 2006). Temperatures in the field were 2°C to 19°C during sampling, depending on the sampling season.…”

Section: Sampling Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freely dissolved PCDD/F concentrations in the Frierfjord, Norway: comparing equilibrium passive sampling with “active” water sampling

2009

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Introduction Equilibrium passive samplers consisting of 55-µm polyoxymethylene (POM) and 170-µm polydimethylsiloxane were tested for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin/furan (PCDD/F) in the pore water and overlying water of the Frierfjord, a bay in southern Norway. This fjord is heavily polluted with PCDD/Fs due to emissions from a former Mg smelter. Results and Discussion Field exposures of both equilibrium passive sampler types yielded similar results for freely dissolved PCDD/F concentrations (C W,free ) in the overlying water. In addition, the passive sampling data deviated less than an order of magnitude from C W,free obtained with conventional "active" sampling through pumping/filtration over glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam. A similar comparison was done for the pore water, where POM passive samplers also proved to yield freely dissolved pore water concentrations (C PW,free ) that deviated less than an order of magnitude from earlier published values measured by direct pore water extraction. The data were also used to derive sediment-water activity ratios, which indicate the diffusive flux direction. High sediment-to-water activity ratios (median value of 160 for 17 congeners) indicated a strong diffusion gradient between the sediment pore water and the overlying water, probably due to deposition of particle-bound PCDD/Fs in combination with low sedimentation rates.

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Modelling the long-term fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in the Grenland Fjords, Norway

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Modeling the Effects and Uncertainties of Contaminated Sediment Remediation Scenarios in a Norwegian Fjord by Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation

Modeling the Effects and Uncertainties of Contaminated Sediment Remediation Scenarios in a Norwegian Fjord by Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation

Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges

Freely dissolved PCDD/F concentrations in the Frierfjord, Norway: comparing equilibrium passive sampling with “active” water sampling

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