Modelling the spatial configuration of refuges for a sustainable control of pests: a case study of<i>Bt</i>cotton

Vacher, Corinne; Bourguet, Denis; Rousset, François; Chevillon, Christine; Hochberg, Michael

doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00553.x

Cited by 72 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…An important attribute of the 'segregating population' approach is that it may enable the estimation of the dominance of the resistance cost (Carrière et al, 2001;Vacher et al, 2003;Roux et al, 2004), which, despite its importance in determining the initial spread and establishment of resistance alleles in populations, has seldom been estimated in plants (Roux et al, 2004;Menchari et al, 2008). However, the dominance of the cost can only be determined when it is possible to distinguish between SS, RS and RR genotypes in a segregating population by allele-specific PCR.…”

Section: Methodological Approaches To Control For Genetic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified approach to the estimation and interpretation of resistance costs in plants

2011

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International audiencePlants exhibit a number of adaptive defence traits that endow resistance to past and current abiotic and biotic stresses. It is generally accepted that these adaptations will incur a cost when plants are not challenged by the stress to which they have become adapted--the so-called 'cost of adaptation'. The need to minimise or account for allelic variation at other fitness-related loci (genetic background control) is frequently overlooked when assessing resistance costs associated with plant defence traits. We provide a synthesis of the various experimental protocols that accomplish this essential requirement. We also differentiate those methods that enable the identification of the trait-specific or mechanistic basis of costs (direct methods) from those that provide an estimate of the impact of costs by examining the evolutionary trajectories of resistance allele frequencies at the population level (indirect methods). The advantages and disadvantages for each proposed experimental design are discussed. We conclude that plant resistance systems provide an ideal model to address fundamental questions about the cost of adaptation to stress. We also propose some ways to expand the scope of future studies for further fundamental and applied insight into the significance of adaptation costs

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Section: Methodological Approaches To Control For Genetic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified approach to the estimation and interpretation of resistance costs in plants

2011

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“…The model suggests, moreover, that with such 'screening' of the refuge, the pest can in fact be controlled indefinitely: the protection afforded by the screening allows the refuge to serve as the kind of source of susceptible individuals that has long been recognized to be able to suppress resistance development forever [2,8,9,12,16,18,22,35,36]. Bantle et al [6] have corroborated the predictions of the little model using a much more detailed and realistic model which, in this paper, we refer to as the 'big' model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundaries of sustainability in simple and elaborate models of agricultural pest control with a pesticide and a non-toxic refuge

Mohammed-Awel

Ringland

Bantle

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

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In two models of pest control using a pesticidal crop along with a non-pesticidal refuge to prevent the development of resistance, we numerically compute the bifurcations that bound the region in parameter space where control is sustainable indefinitely. An exact formula for one of the bifurcation surfaces in one of the models is also found. One model is conceptual and as simple as possible. The other is realistic and very detailed. Despite the great differences in the models, we find the same distinctive bifurcation structure. We focus on the parameters that determine: (i) the restriction of pest exchange between the crop and the refuge, which we call 'screening' the refuge, and (ii) the recessiveness of the resistance trait. The screened refuge technique is seen to work in the models up to quite high values of fitness of resistant heterozygotes, that is, even when resistance is not strongly recessive.

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“…What will cure most patients may not be optimal for the general population in which resistant variants may emerge and spread 1 . This problem is in many ways similar to the objectives of classical pest control [2], where short-term 'success' is to attain economic targets for the treated area (e.g., an agricultural field), subject to meeting the global objective of slowing the spatial spread of resistance [3]. Although human cancers are not transmitted between individuals, the concept from pest control of spatial resistance management could apply to treating metastasis [4], and certain authors have argued that certain targeted therapies could be counterproductive to treatment success [5].…”

Section: The Magic Bulletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six wedges to curing disease

Hochberg

2017

Preprint

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Abstract.One of the great challenges in ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain disease, whether caused by infectious agents such as parasites and pathogens, or by the deterioration or transformation of cellular behavior and function, a prime example of the latter being cancer. Decades of observation and research suggest that successfully treating disease requires insights into how the environment mediates the interactions between disease causing agents (DCAs) and diseased individuals. A major finding is that single factor, targeted therapies are not only likely to fail in controlling or eradicating many DCAs, but are also likely to select for resistance, reducing options for subsequent treatment attempts, and in cases of infectious DCAs, rendering therapeutic agents (e.g., antibiotics) obsolete.I argue that meeting the growing challenge of treating disease in agriculture and animal husbandry, in protected and domesticated species, wildlife, and in the human population will require a fundamental understanding of ecological interactions at sites of infection or disease. I discuss different ways in which components of such disease ecosystems mediate DCA and therapeutic dynamics and resistance evolution, and derive a very simple mathematical criterion for therapeutic success. I then touch on how fundamental insights as revealed by the processes of evolutionary rescue and competitive release can help understand why therapies succeed or fail. Finally, I present six "wedges" that can each contribute alone, or as part of multi-pronged approaches to successfully treating disease. The Magic BulletDespite remarkable progress in prevention and treatment, the impacts of diseases in agriculture and animal husbandry, and on protected and domesticated species, wildlife, and human health are likely to intensify into the 21 st century. Humans in particular are increasingly in contact with each other and with wildlife, treated with drug regimens that select for resistance, and adopt life-styles or are exposed to environments that render them more susceptible to infectious diseases and more likely to get cellular diseases such as cancers.For many clinicians the Holy Grail is to discover the Ehrlichian "Magic Bullet"-a drug that will target the disease-causing agents (DCAs) and cure disease. Intuitively, the most effective way to reduce DCAs is to "hit hard and fast". That is, more drug means more kill within the tolerance limits of the patient. Rapid administration of the drug means forestalling further DCA growth and associated symptoms, but also reducing the probability of the appearance of resistant mutant strains. Despite decades of research on pest and disease control (much of it with an ecological basis) this approach and the many alternatives described below remain highly controversial (e.g., [1]).The Magic Bullet may be shortsighted for another reason. What will cure most patients may not be optimal for the general population in which resistant variants may emerge and spread 1 . This problem is in many ways similar...

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Modelling the spatial configuration of refuges for a sustainable control of pests: a case study ofBtcotton

Cited by 72 publications

References 41 publications

A unified approach to the estimation and interpretation of resistance costs in plants

A unified approach to the estimation and interpretation of resistance costs in plants

Boundaries of sustainability in simple and elaborate models of agricultural pest control with a pesticide and a non-toxic refuge

Six wedges to curing disease

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