Modelling whole heart electrical activity for ischemia and cardiac pacing simulation

3D Model of the Heart Electrical Activity With Heterogeneous Ventricular Action Potentials

“…The membrane potential V M is defined as the difference between φ i and φ o . As described in [5], by applying the bidomain theory we obtain:…”

“…Also c 3 is defined piecewise to avoid that the transient outward current affects the phase 1 (i.e., the raise) of the AP: We set g 1 = 0.5, g 2 = 1, c + 3 = 0.1 and c − 3 = 0.5 All the other parameters and the refractoriness variable u were already defined in [5]. In the supraventricular region we maintained the Rogers-McCulloch formulation (i.e.…”

“…where σ is the tissue conductivity and V is the potential in the passive volume conductors.The values of conductivity in the different tissues are the same used in [5]. All the external edges of the torso are considered electrically insulated.…”

“…The addition of the ventricular midcardium and the new characteristics of the cell model have improved the quality of the generated ECG which presented a more realistic T-wave. Indeed, unrealistic T-wave was the main flaw of our previous work reported in [5].…”

“…Our model of the electrical activity of the heart is based on the bidomain theory coupled with modified FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) phenomenological model for the computation of the action potentials (APs) in the different heart regions. Compared to our previous work [5], we introduced the heterogeneous characteristics of the ventricular APs. In particular, we added the ventricular midcardium by modeling APs differently than in the epicardial and endocardial regions.…”