Models and methods to study Schwann cells

Negro, Samuele; Pirazzini, Marco; Rigoni, Michela

doi:10.1111/joa.13606

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…The discussion of SC classification and nSC definition prompts a reconsideration of how heterogeneous cutaneous SCs interact with cutaneous nerves and respond to nerve damage, as well as their involvement in neuropathic pain. This knowledge will aid in identifying more specific treatment targets for peripheral nerve diseases [ 26 ]. A further question arising from this study is whether the reprogramming capacity of cutaneous SCs remains the same, and how the associated biomarkers (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes in Schwann cells and nerve fibres in type 1 diabetes: relationship with diabetic polyneuropathy

Hu,

Buhl,

Sjogaard

et al. 2023

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis Our aim was to investigate structural changes of cutaneous Schwann cells (SCs), including nociceptive Schwann cells (nSCs) and axons, in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy. We also aimed to investigate the relationship between these changes and peripheral neuropathic symptoms in type 1 diabetes. Methods Skin biopsies (3 mm) taken from carefully phenotyped participants with type 1 diabetes without polyneuropathy (T1D, n=25), type 1 diabetes with painless diabetic polyneuropathy (T1DPN, n=30) and type 1 diabetes with painful diabetic polyneuropathy (P-T1DPN, n=27), and from healthy control individuals (n=25) were immunostained with relevant antibodies to visualise SCs and nerve fibres. Stereological methods were used to quantify the expression of cutaneous SCs and nerve fibres. Results There was a difference in the number density of nSCs not abutting to nerve fibres between the groups (p=0.004) but not in the number density of nSCs abutting to nerve fibres, nor in solitary or total subepidermal SC soma number density. The overall dermal SC expression (measured by dermal SC area fraction and subepidermal SC process density) and peripheral nerve fibre expression (measured by intraepidermal nerve fibre density, dermal nerve fibre area fraction and subepidermal nerve fibre density) differed between the groups (all p<0.05): significant differences were seen in participants with T1DPN and P-T1DPN compared with those without diabetic polyneuropathy (healthy control and T1D groups) (all p<0.05). No difference was found between participants in the T1DPN and P-T1DPN group, nor between participants in the T1D and healthy control group (all p>0.05). Correlational analysis showed that cutaneous SC processes and nerve fibres were highly associated, and they were weakly negatively correlated with different neuropathy measures. Conclusions/interpretation Cutaneous SC processes and nerves, but not SC soma, are degenerated and interdependent in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy. However, an increase in structurally damaged nSCs was seen in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy. Furthermore, dermal SC processes and nerve fibres correlate weakly with clinical measures of neuropathy and may play a partial role in the pathophysiology of diabetic polyneuropathy in type 1 diabetes. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes in Schwann cells and nerve fibres in type 1 diabetes: relationship with diabetic polyneuropathy

Hu,

Buhl,

Sjogaard

et al. 2023

Diabetologia

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“…Unfortunately, several types of peripheral glia are relatively understudied (e.g., perineural), especially compared to PNS neurons; nevertheless, varieties of Schwann cell have been the focus of intensive research since their initial description in the mid‐19th century. Demonstrating this, Negro et al have compiled a thorough review of the wide‐ranging in vitro and in vivo techniques and models available to study mammalian Schwann cell development, morphology and function (Negro et al, 2022). After outlining the importance of Schwann cells, descriptions of methods to study myelinating, non‐myelinating (i.e., Remak), and terminal Schwann cells are provided to guide those entering the Schwann cell field.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Peripheral nerve anatomy in health and disease

Sleigh

2022

Journal of Anatomy

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“…They are also important in nerve repair, thus contributing to the regenerative ability of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) [ 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, models for exploring the physiology and pathophysiology of Schwann cells in vitro are of profound interest [ 13 ]. At the same time, Schwann cells are highly interesting for tissue engineering, since they play a critical role in nerve regeneration upon injury and are affected in peripheral neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Guillain-Barré syndrome [ 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells

Hörner

Couturier

Gueiber

et al. 2022

Cells

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Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.

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Models and methods to study Schwann cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 265 publications

Structural changes in Schwann cells and nerve fibres in type 1 diabetes: relationship with diabetic polyneuropathy

Structural changes in Schwann cells and nerve fibres in type 1 diabetes: relationship with diabetic polyneuropathy

Editorial: Peripheral nerve anatomy in health and disease

Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells

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