Models and Phenomenology

Erlykin, A. D.

doi:10.1142/s0217751x05029629

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…There is seen to be a hint of the fine structure in the energy spectrum measured with the Yakutsk array. Although it is possible that the undulations around the knee are caused by the instrumental errors ‡, but on the other hand, there are 40 size spectra and 5 Cherenkov light spectra measured before 2005, which demonstrate the second excess ('peak') at lg E = lg E knee + 0.6 besides the knee itself [36]. The second peak in our data is approximately at this energy.…”

Section: The Energy Spectrum Of Cosmic Rays Derived From Air Cherenkomentioning

confidence: 55%

Measuring extensive air showers with Cherenkov light detectors of the Yakutsk array: the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Иванов¹,

Кнуренко

Sleptsov

2009

New J. Phys.

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The energy spectrum of cosmic rays in the range E ∼ 10 15 eV to 6 × 10 19 eV has been studied using the air Cherenkov light detectors of the Yakutsk array. The total flux of photons produced by relativistic electrons (including positrons as well, hereafter) of extensive air showers in the atmosphere is used as the energy estimator of the primary particle initiating a shower. The resultant differential flux of cosmic rays exhibits, in accordance with previous measurements, a knee and ankle features at energies 3 × 10 15 and ∼ 10 19 eV, respectively. A comparison of observational data with simulations is made in the knee and ankle regions in order to choose the models of galactic and extragalactic components of cosmic rays which describe better the energy spectrum measured.

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Section: The Energy Spectrum Of Cosmic Rays Derived From Air Cherenkomentioning

confidence: 55%

Measuring extensive air showers with Cherenkov light detectors of the Yakutsk array: the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Иванов¹,

Кнуренко

Sleptsov

2009

New J. Phys.

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“…Here E 51 is the explosion energy in 10 51 erg units. Figure 1(b) shows the mean of these spectra and their standard deviation (we refer to the standard deviation of the logarithm of the intensity at a particular energy as the 'irregularity' at that energy [5,19]). In the real galaxy, grouping of SN in both space and time would cause the spread in spectra to be even bigger.…”

Section: A Variety Of Supernovae and Hypernovaementioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of cosmic rays

Erlykin¹,

Wolfendale²

2005

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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It is generally regarded that the bulk of cosmic rays originate in the galaxy and that those below the ‘knee’ (the rapid steepening in the energy spectrum) at a few PeV, come from galactic supernovae, the particles being accelerated by the shocks in the supernova remnants. At higher energies, there are problems in that conventional SNR—which surely constitute the bulk of the sources—have a natural limit at a few tens of PeV (for iron nuclei). The question of the origin of particles above this limit is thus an open one. Here we examine a number of possibilities: a variety of supernovae and hypernovae, pulsars, a giant galactic halo and an extragalactic origin. A relevant property of any model is the extent to which it can provide the lack of significant irregularity of the energy spectrum, its intensity and shape together with structures such as the ‘second knee’ at the sub-EeV energy, in addition to the well-known ‘knee’ and ‘ankle’. Although it is appreciated that spectral measurements are subject to systematic as well as random errors, we consider that contemporary data are good enough to allow at least some progress in this new field. These aspects are examined for particles of all energies and it is shown that they can constrain some parameters of the proposed models. In the search for origin above PeV energies, we conclude that shocks in the galactic halo, whatever their source (galactic wind, relativistic plasmoids—‘cannonballs’, multiple shocks from supernovae etc) are most likely, pulsars such as B0656+14 and hypernovae come a close second although such a suggestion is not without its difficulties. What is most important is that trapping of particles in the halo is needed to reduce irregularities of the energy spectra both below and above the ‘knee’ caused by the stochastic nature of supernova explosions and other potential (discrete) galactic sources. We argue that precise experimental studies of spectral ‘irregularities’ will provide considerable help in the search for cosmic ray origin.

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Entanglement of atoms by a resonance classical electromagnetic field

Башаров

Manykin

2004

Opt. Spectrosc.

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Models and Phenomenology

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Measuring extensive air showers with Cherenkov light detectors of the Yakutsk array: the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Measuring extensive air showers with Cherenkov light detectors of the Yakutsk array: the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

The origin of cosmic rays

Entanglement of atoms by a resonance classical electromagnetic field

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