MODELS | Characteristics and Mechanisms of Kindling

Corcoran, Michael E.; Teskey, G. Campbell

doi:10.1016/b978-012373961-2.00051-5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For example, the breeding of selected lines of rats with specific properties of neural function of the amygdala have led to differences in the motivation to engage in play (Reinhart et al, 2004; Reinhart et al, 2006). The neural and behavioral differences in these selected lines are likely the result of one selected line retaining more juvenile-like features than the other (Corcoran & Teskey, 2004). That is, selected lines of rats that retain characteristics more typical of juveniles as adults (e.g., impulsivity) tend to be more motivated to play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How domestication modulates play behavior: A comparative analysis between wild rats and a laboratory strain of Rattus norvegicus.

Himmler

Stryjek

Modlińska

et al. 2013

Journal of Comparative Psychology

108

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Laboratory rats have been widely used to study the development and neural underpinnings of play behavior. However, it is not known whether domestic rats play in the same way and at the same frequency as their wild counterparts. In this study, the play of juvenile rats from a colony of wild rats maintained in captivity was compared to that of a strain of domesticated rats (e.g., Long Evans hooded). Three predictions were tested. First, it was predicted that wild rats would incorporate more agonistic behavior in their play. This was not found, as in all cases, both the wild and the laboratory rats attacked and defended the nape during play, a nonagonistic body target. Second, because play is typically more frequent in domesticated animals than their wild progenitors, it was predicted that the wild rats should play less than the laboratory rats. This was found to be the case. Third, because wild animals tend to be less tolerant of proximity by conspecifics and tend to be more agile in their movements, it was predicted that there would be less contact between wild pair mates. This was found to be the case; data show that the play of laboratory rats involves the same target (i.e., the nape of the neck) and tactics of defense as those used by wild rats. However, the laboratory rats initiated playful attacks more frequently, and were more likely to use tactics that promoted bodily contact. These similarities and differences need to be considered when using laboratory animals as models for play in general.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How domestication modulates play behavior: A comparative analysis between wild rats and a laboratory strain of Rattus norvegicus.

Himmler

Stryjek

Modlińska

et al. 2013

Journal of Comparative Psychology

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was Graham Goddard who first acknowledged the potential importance of repeated stimulation to the brain as a useful scientific tool. Goddard observed that some of his rats began to develop seizures, even with invariant stimulation [14]. He and his colleagues studied the phenomenon in more detail [15,16] and subsequently referred to the development of stimulation-induced convulsions as "kindling," analogous to starting a fire with an initially benign stimulus [14].…”

Section: Kindling As a Model Of Brain Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although kindling was originally defined as resulting from electrical stimulation, it now collectively refers to the eventual development of persistent brain activity following repeated exposure to a stimulus -this can be in the form of stimulus trains (electrical activity) or chemical agents. Although kindling is usually employed as an experimental model of human temporal lobe epilepsy, kindling in its simplest dimension is a model of neural plasticity [14]. In particular, the realization that persistent changes in brain function occur in response to an invariant stimulus has led many researchers to believe that such mechanisms may be similar to those underlying learning [16,25].…”

Section: Kindling As a Model Of Brain Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdalar Models of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Gilbert¹

2012

The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager

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Regional Changes in Gene Expression after Limbic Kindling

Corcoran

Kroes²,

Burgdorf

et al. 2011

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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Repeated electrical stimulation results in development of seizures and a permanent increase in seizure susceptibility (kindling). The permanence of kindling suggests that chronic changes in gene expression are involved. Kindling at different sites produces specific effects on interictal behaviors such as spatial cognition and anxiety, suggesting that causal changes in gene expression might be restricted to the stimulated site. We employed focused microarray analysis to characterize changes in gene expression associated with amygdaloid and hippocampal kindling. Male Long-Evans rats received 1 s trains of electrical stimulation to either the amygdala or hippocampus once daily until five generalized seizures had been kindled. Yoked control rats carried electrodes but were not stimulated. Rats were euthanized 14 days after the last seizures, both amygdala and hippocampus dissected, and transcriptome profiles compared. Of the 1,200 rat brain-associated genes evaluated, 39 genes exhibited statistically significant expression differences between the kindled and non-kindled amygdala and 106 genes exhibited statistically significant differences between the kindled and non-kindled hippocampus. In the amygdala, subsequent ontological analyses using the GOMiner algorithm demonstrated significant enrichment in categories related to cytoskeletal reorganization and cation transport, as well as in gene families related to synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. In the hippocampus, significant enrichment in gene expression within categories related to cytoskeletal reorganization and cation transport was similarly observed. Furthermore, unique to the hippocampus, enrichment in transcription factor activity and GTPase-mediated signal transduction was identified. Overall, these data identify specific and unique neurochemical pathways chronically altered following kindling in the two sites, and provide a platform for defining the molecular basis for the differential behaviors observed in the interictal period.

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MODELS | Characteristics and Mechanisms of Kindling

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

How domestication modulates play behavior: A comparative analysis between wild rats and a laboratory strain of Rattus norvegicus.

How domestication modulates play behavior: A comparative analysis between wild rats and a laboratory strain of Rattus norvegicus.

Amygdalar Models of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Regional Changes in Gene Expression after Limbic Kindling

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