Models for integrating wireless sensor networks into the Internet of Things

Abstract

Ubiquitous sensing and unique characteristics of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have led to an increase in application areas such as smart parking, environmental monitoring, automotive industries and sports. In recent years, WSNs have gained more significance as the foundation infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT), which has greatly increased the number of connected objects with instantaneous communication and data processing. However, designing energy-efficient models for integrating WSNs into IoT is a challenging issue due to scalability and interoperability of IoT, and previous approaches designed for WSNs cannot be applied directly. This study proposes two energy-efficient models for WSNs in the IoT environment: (i) a service-aware clustering model where individual sensor nodes are assigned roles based on their service delivery; and (ii) an energy-aware clustering model. Performance evaluation shows better energy efficiency, end-to-end delay and network load balance of the proposed models for integrating wireless sensor networks into the IoT protocol compared with low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy centralised protocol and fuzzy C-means clustering protocol.

Energy efficient scalability of three level hexagonal heterogeneous broad transmission distance protocol (3L‐HEXA‐HTBTDP) for WSN‐IoT networks

“…With the development of computing, large amount of storable data is required for sharing among many users. Integration of sensor nodes, hybrid nodes, RFID readers, and BS into a single network enables it to provide services to the users of IoT . For the suitability of applications like event detection and traffic monitoring, a large number of devices are connected for an effective communication.…”

“…Integration of sensor nodes, hybrid nodes, RFID readers, and BS into a single network enables it to provide services to the users of IoT. 7 For the suitability of applications like event detection and traffic monitoring, a large number of devices are connected for an effective communication. A hierarchical clustering algorithm which suits dynamic and heterogeneous environment of IoTs should be developed for more coverage and low energy consumption.…”

“…It is composed of heterogeneous devices having the restrictions of energy and spectrum resources. IoTs are used with RFIDs in real time applications of logistics, inventory tracking, library systems, and other industries . A dynamic heterogeneous clustering for internet‐of‐things (IoTs) takes into consideration mobility, communication, and connectivity among sensor devices.…”

Protokoły routingu dla systemów Internetu Rzeczy - badania symulacyjne wybranych protokołów

“…Urządzenia, rzeczy, sensory uzyskały wirtualną tożsamość, która pozwala im na połączenie się i komunikację ze sobą, społeczeństwem oraz z konkretnym użytkownikiem systemu. Celem obecnych badań technologii IoT jest uzyskanie łączności miedzy obiektami bez względu na czas, miejsce, świadczoną usługę oraz używane protokoły komunikacyjne [1,2]. Przy obecnej rosnącej potrzebie łączności bezprzewodowej w systemach IoT do komunikacji pomiędzy obiektami wykorzystuje się rozwiązania z sieci Ad Hoc.…”

Topology of Wireless Sensor Network Based on the Perception Needs of the Internet of Things

“…The IoT, an integration of existing networks [1][2], is a ubiquitous network built on the Internet. It is growing along with the progress of various networks, especially the improvement on the process of the wireless sensor originals.…”