Models for open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry

Türki̇ye İlaç Sektöründe Strateji̇k Ortakliklar, Bi̇rleşme Ve Satin Almalar: 2006-2014 Dönemi̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

“…Sonuç olarak, sağlık ekonomistleri ve politikacılarının ekonomik tahminlerine göre, yakın gelecekte pek çok ülkede ilaç şirketlerinin düşüşe geçen karlılıklarını ve geleceklerini korumak adına farklı iş modelleri geliştirecekleri öngörülmektedir. Stratejik ortaklıklar, birleşme ve satın almalar da bu iş modelleri kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir (Schuhmacher, 2013(Schuhmacher, : 1133Carroll, 2009) …”

Windows of opportunities and technological innovation in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry

“…Moreover, domestic companies like Aché, Biolab, Cristália, and Eurofarma, invested above the sector average 21 . Despite advances, R&D spending in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry falls far short of the 15% to 20% of net annual revenue spent by leading global companies, or even the 6% to 7% spent by Indian companies 32,33,34 . Table 3 shows that the number of companies that rely on external acquisition of R&D in Brazil also increased during the period, but without an increase in R&D as a percentage of NSR.…”

“…the innovation chain in drugs and medicines, the knowledge generated by external R&D activities plays an important role in complementing internal capabilities. The degree of openness in R&D appears to relate positively to pharmaceutical companies' innovation rate and commercial success 32 . Outsourcing of R&D activities is an increasingly important source for Brazilian pharmaceutical companies, given their limited technical and financial capability for the internal development of new products 35 .…”

A mapping for managers: open innovation for R&D intensive SMEs in the life sciences sector

“…In 2014, it attracted an additional £2.5bn in R&D funding from the year before, and overall, the UK sector consists of more than 4,398 companies, employing over 183,000 people and generating a £56bn in turnover (Strength and Opportunity, 2014). Yet, it has been suggested that the sector is suffering from a productivity crisis as the cost of R&D increases and additionally, the changing regulatory environment, becomes more stringent, with an increasing focus on safety and efficacy (Hara, 2003;Lowman et al, 2011;Paul et al, 2010;Munos, 2009;Light and Lexchin, 2012;Subramaniam, 2003;DiMasi et al, 2003;Melese et al, 2009;Kaitin and DiMasi, 2011;LaMattina, 2011;Schuhmacher et al, 2013). In addition, despite the large investments, merges and acquisitions, the sector has faced marked decline in productivity, as the size of the company or R&D budget does not necessarily guarantee equivalent success (Comanor and Scherer, 2013;Khanna, 2012Khanna, , p. 1089.…”